https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 12 Interpreting the theoretical origins and contemporary value of Xi Jinping's Thought on Diplomacy from the perspective of "macro-history" helps to deeply grasp its formative logic and historical context. This thought emerged at the intersection of global trends and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, rooted in China's fine traditional culture, inheriting the essence of Marxist theory, drawing on historical experiences of modern national salvation, developing the diplomatic practices of New China, and innovatively proposing the concept of a "community with a shared future for mankind." It seeks to reshape the international order through the global governance principle of "wide consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits," while driving practical transformation via the high-quality co-construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. As the fundamental guideline for China's diplomacy in the new era, Xi Jinping's Thought on Diplomacy not only demonstrates strategic resolve and historical confidence but also contributes a theoretical paradigm to the reform of the global governance system. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-xi-jinping-s-diplomatic-thought-from-a-macro-historical-perspective/ Lei Shan, Yin Yang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10520267-AnAnalysis.pdf Literature has always been a medium of social exploration and articulation and through literary narratives such experiences and issues related to the psychology and mental health of students are explored and articulated. In contemporary time period students face issues such as academic competition, social expectations, pressure of making successful future, social comparison, identity conflict and anxiety related issues. Therefore students’ mental health becomes very essential and significant concern in contemporary time period. This paper examines students psychological and emotional vulnerability, anxiety disorder and identity conflict in selected contemporary literary narratives and also reflects upon contemporary youth culture. This study argues that when students face pressure of social expectations that demand success and confirmity, they go through anxiety, identity conflict and psychological disorder. Sylvia Plath’s novel ‘The Bell Jar’ (1963) and John Green’s ‘Turtles All Thee Way Down’ (2017) have been taken for this study. Both these literary narratives deal with the inner psychological conflict and anxiety disorder faced by the young protagonists of the novels. This paper articulates on the topic from the theoretical perspective of cultural and identity theory, particularly theory of Identity given by Erik Erikson and the concept of discourse developed by Michel Foucoult. Through the characters of the protagonists, the author has tried to articulate on the negotiation of social expectations and the sense of self and identity. There is portrayal of stigma surrounding mental health. This paper depicts how literature plays a vital role in promoting empathy and awareness about psychological problems faced by students and emphasize upon the possibility of recovery and healing from mental health struggles. This paper also offers symbolic representation of isolation and depression and reflects upon conflict and anxiety disorder, created by too many life expectations and possibilities in student life. https://ijels.com/detail/psychic-struggles-and-identity-formation-a-study-of-student-mental-health-in-contemporary-narratives/ Dr. Sheeba Parveen, Dr. Ansar Ahmad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10520268-Psychic.pdf Marc Bloch’s L’Étrange défaite, written immediately after the French collapse of 1940, remains one of the most powerful contemporary reflections on that event. As both a professional historian and a serving officer, Bloch diagnosed the disaster as fundamentally a defeat of knowledge—or more literally, a defeat of intelligence. This article revisits that formulation and argues that Bloch’s insight should not be reduced to a criticism of tactical backwardness, technological inferiority, or individual misjudgment. Rather, it points to a deeper and more structural failure of cognition embedded in the French military system, command culture, strategic doctrine, and the political-social order of the Third Republic. France’s defeat is thus interpreted not as a sudden and accidental breakdown, but as the culmination of a long-term process in which institutions, mental habits, and social structures failed to adapt to a transformed form and tempo of war. At the same time, Bloch’s interpretation, while exceptionally forceful, also bears the marks of its author’s position as both participant and witness. His analysis derived much of its strength from direct experience, but it was also shaped by the limits of a reserve officer’s perspective during a moment of national trauma. This article therefore seeks both to deepen and to qualify Bloch’s diagnosis. In doing so, it treats the French collapse as a case of structural cognitive failure in a modern state confronting the demands of mechanized warfare and accelerated strategic change. https://ijels.com/detail/a-defeat-of-knowledge-reinterpreting-the-french-collapse-of-1940-through-marc-bloch/ Li-Pen Wang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-105202616-ADefeat.pdf Indian Writing in English(IWE) is in a new phase now, a phase that is free from the British or English influence in its writings. IWE, though it has its origins related to British literature, has progressed in its own way and established itself as a distinct literature with its unique features, setting it apart from the world of English literature. Indian writers with their distinct themes, styles, and narration contributed to the enrichment of Indian English literature and thereby raised the status of Indian English Literature (IEL). Aravind Adiga is one of the most prominent writers in Contemporary English Writing. His debut novel, “The White Tiger,” bagged the most prestigious “The Man Booker Prize” in 2008. The novel is known for its narrative, as it is appreciated by Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as “A brilliant Debut…A marvelous narrator”.He received universal acclaim for his captivating storytelling. This artistic excellence can be the result of exemplary implication of narrative techniques. At a superficial understanding, The White Tiger appears to be primarily concerned with the social injustices and class struggles prevalent in India. This research paper analyzes the feminist narratological aspects of Aravind Adiga's novel, "The White Tiger." Through the critical lens of feminism, the research study aims to understand the novel by applying the concepts introduced by Lanser's feminist narratology. Though the story is primarily about Balram and his journey from being a chauffeur to an entrepreneur, the various female characters he came across in his life and the way they are narrated give a different perspective to the total impression that one gets by reading the novel. The detailed analysis of the novel, with a focus on the portrayal of characters, particularly female characters, the exercise of power by the characters, and intersectionality, reveals a different perspective on contemporary Indian society. Through this examination, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the novel's portrayal of gender and its implications for feminist discourse. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-feminist-narratological-aspects-within-the-white-tiger-by-aravind-adiga/ Aruna Kumari K, Dr. N. Solomon Benny https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-104202672-Exploring.pdf This article aims to highlight the decentering of the hegemonic discourse of the colonizer by the colonized. The study focused on the crossed gaze of the otjize: the colorization of the Himba female body: between colorist opinions of the Khoush colonizer and Africans’ cultural identity. With Afrocentricity as a theoretical basis, we first demonstrated that the otjize symbolizes authentic African feminine beauty. On the other hand, through the lens of postcolonial studies, we have indicated that the whitewashing of the female body with red clay is subject to colorist criticism on the part of the Khoush colonizer. Finally, we have observed that though in a diasporic situation, women succeed in resisting and subverting the process of subjectification set in motion by the global Kush civilization owing to the attachment to their cultural identity https://ijels.com/detail/otjize-body-dyeing-with-red-clay-between-colorism-and-cultural-identity-in-binti-by-nnedi-okorafor/ Resnais Ulrich Kacou, Donafani Siaka Kone https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-104202660-Otjize.pdf The province of Odisha has carved a niche for itself in the global arena by virtue of three extraordinary things: (1) the sun temple at Konark, (2) Jagannath dham at Puri, and (3) Odissi, the classical dance form. While there's abundance of literature and discursive accounts about the first two, that way, the last one, Odissi, suffers from a dearth of knowledge portals. But for a few and far articles here and there, there's no substantive accounts available about this unique cultural art form and tradition. In spite of its prominent presence over a prolonged period of time, strangely enough, till late 20th century, many have made effort to undermine Odissi by considering it as a mere mimetic version of Bharatanatyam or Kuchipudi. Even though this point-of-view holds no ground in recent times, the lack of adequate credible accounts about the origin and history of this splendid dance form has somehow helped this viewpoint to score a point. Although pinpointing the exact origin of Odissi is nearly impossible, archaeological evidence confirms a tradition that dates back to over two thousand years. The Odissi dance of contemporary times may be less than a hundred years old in its present form, but the knowledge tradition of Odra-Magadhi dance and music has continued in various forms across the Odisha region. This chapter aims at offering a historical overview of this rich dance tradition. The focal length of this chapter ranges from the stone carvings of Konark to the stage of the Konark International Dance Festival. https://ijels.com/detail/odissi-the-cultural-crest-of-odisha-a-historical-overview/ Dr Shakti Shankar Dandapat, Ankit Rout https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-10520262-Odissi.pdf Graffiti has evolved from acts of vandalism to expressions of cultural resistance and political commentary. As an art form and a social discourse, graffiti represents a counter-narrative to the dominant ideologies that shape urban spaces. This paper examines graffiti as a counter-cultural practice that challenges established structures of power, aesthetics, and spatial control. Drawing upon Michel de Certeau’s The Practice of Everyday Life, the study interprets graffiti as a tactical expression within the strategic systems of the city. By situating graffiti within the global, Indian, and Kerala contexts, the paper demonstrates how acts of wall writing, stenciling, and street art become everyday practices of resistance. Through theoretical frameworks of counterculture and resistance—drawing on thinkers such as Marcuse, Hebdige, Hall, and Lefebvre—this analysis positions graffiti as an evolving site of negotiation between the governed and the governing, the visible and the erased, the dominant and the subaltern. https://ijels.com/detail/walls-of-rebellion-graffiti-as-counter-culture/ Parvathy Rajan, Dr. Dhanya Johnson https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-104202674-Walls.pdf The escalating environmental crisis is frequently framed through a universalized lens of “global threat,” a discourse that obscures the uneven distribution of ecological vulnerability. This article examines Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2004) as a sophisticated counter-archive that challenges abstract narratives by documenting the intersection of ecological degradation and structural abandonment in the Bengal Sundarbans. Using concepts such as Achille Mbembe’s 'Necropolitics', Rob Nixon’s 'Slow Violence', and Judith Butler’s notion of 'Grievability', the study argues that the Sundarbans acts as a “State of Exception” where the postcolonial state decides whose lives are allowed to be lived and whose are allowed to wither. The concept of Ecoprecarity is central to this analysis. It captures the entanglement of damaged environments with the corporeal vulnerability of the subaltern body. This article analyses how conservation and development have been weaponised as necropolitical tools, as well as the historical Morichjhapi massacre and the struggles of characters like Fokir. The state naturalizes systemic neglect by privileging endangered species over marginalised settlers. The state also frames death as inevitable “acts of God” rather than outcomes of political choice. Ultimately, Ghosh’s novel resists the erasure of ungrievable lives, offering a visceral critique of an environmentalism detached from social justice. https://ijels.com/detail/ecoprecarity-and-necropolitical-sovereignty-in-amitav-ghosh-s-the-hungry-tide/ Rajesh Kumar Maity https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10520266-Ecoprecarity.pdf Energy is usually evaluated in terms of scientific and environmental parameters. These parameters shape the surroundings around us and influence the socio-cultural aspects of our life. Inner energy is also one of the essential parameters of energy which is a matter of concern in the current scenario. The teachings of one of the most prominent 15th century Indian poet and singer, Kabir are well incorporated with the elements of nature in the form of literary devices such as metaphors, satire, irony, paradox and others in a rather straightforward and a direct approach. The study would explore and analyze how the nature elements used as literary devices in the verses of Kabir can be instrumental in diverting and directing one’s energy from the negative or materialistic aspects of life towards something that in reality may contribute towards self-realization, inner-peace, contention and a joyful perception of life for one and all. The select study would cover areas which were not only essential during the era of Kabir but also hold timeless appeal and relevance even at the times at present. https://ijels.com/detail/the-philosophy-of-inner-energy-and-self-realization-in-the-verses-of-kabir/ Srishti, Dr. Shruti Srivastava https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202624-ThePhilosophy.pdf One of the multifaceted topics in the literary tradition is women’s oppression as it is associated with social female issues such as marginalization, self-determination, inequality, rights …etc. The novelist, Alka Joshi, dealt with the issue of women’s oppression in her novels, particularly The Henna Artist (2020) and The Secret Keeper of Jaipur (2021). Hence, the main job of this paper is, through the application of Jeffries’ toolkit, to investigate the linguistic and stylistic constructions of women's oppression in these novels. Based on qualitative and quantitative research procedure, thirty extract are drawn from these two novels and analyzed in terms of Jeffries (2010) conceptual-textual functions. The study concludes that in the two novels, women struggle to stand against negative aspects in a society, such as gender inequality, patriarchy, women discrimination, marginalization. The writer, through her female characters, tries to depict women as feeble creatures who undergo male control and power. https://ijels.com/detail/ideology-portrayal-of-women-s-oppression-in-joshi-s-selected-novels/ Ashwaq Naji Jumaa, Prof. Sarab Kadir Mugair https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-105202629-Ideology.pdf Jodi Picoult is an American novelist, renowned for her negotiations with clinical hegemony. Her novel, Handle with Care (2009), could be deemed a poignant entry point into the labyrinthine of clinical ethics, disability studies and the pragmatic management of family politics by mothers. Hence, this article is an investigation of the narrative through the lenses of clinical surveillance. It is an examination of the protagonist’s intense legal and medical negotiations. Willow O’Keefe, who is the protagonist, is the quantified child, born with Type III Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Central to the examination is the wrongful birth lawsuit initiated by Willow’s mother, Charlotte, against her own family doctor. This is the quintessential issue addressed in this article. Thus, the idea of the quantified child stays pivotal in the progression of the novel. This article also attends to those consequences of the legal process that systematically reduces Willow’s existence to a series of economic liabilities, incorporated by medical cost and familial limitation. This article is one adamant argument that clinical hegemony demands the commodification of Willow’s disability. This quantification reduces the child to the fragmentation of self and, eventually, to the loss of identity. Obviously, the child is stripped of her inherent personhood; she is transformed into a data point within the clinical framework. Hence Michel Foucault’s theory of biopolitics is utilized in this article, in order to investigate the clinical surveillance of the disabled Willow and the maternal performance by Charlotte, the mother. In Handle With Care, Picoult advances the point that the familial sphere is no longer private. The article closes with the finding that Handle With Care exposes the dehumanizing gaze of clinical hegemony, which readily views an individual disability through the lens of risk management. https://ijels.com/detail/the-quantified-child-under-biopolitical-surveillance-disability-and-maternal-responsibility-in-jodi-picoult-s-handle-with-care/ J. Linus Jude, Dr. J. Praveena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-104202668-TheQuantified.pdf This paper explores the potential of recreational linguistics as an innovative and interdisciplinary tool for discourse analysis in literary studies. Traditionally perceived as a domain of playful language activities such as puns, anagrams, palindromes, and linguistic humour, rebus puzzles, recreational linguistics is re-examined here as a meaningful analytical framework that reveals deeper cognitive, cultural, and ideological dimensions embedded within texts. Drawing on principles from linguistics, cognitive science, and cultural studies, the paper argues that language play is not merely ornamental but constitutes a significant mode of meaning-making that shapes reader interpretation and engagement. The study situates recreational linguistics within contemporary approaches to discourse analysis, demonstrating how playful linguistic structures can uncover implicit power relations, social identities, and cultural narratives in literary discourse. It further highlights the relevance of recreational language practices in the digital age, where memes, hash tags, and online humour function as dynamic forms of discourse. Through selected literary and media examples, the paper illustrates how linguistic creativity operates as a site of negotiation between authorial intent and reader response. Additionally, the paper underscores the pedagogical implications of incorporating recreational linguistics into English language teaching, particularly in enhancing critical thinking, interpretive skills, and student engagement. By bridging the gap between entertainment and analysis, recreational linguistics emerges as a valuable multidisciplinary approach that enriches discourse analysis and redefines the boundaries of literary interpretation in the 21st century. https://ijels.com/detail/recreational-linguistics-and-the-dynamics-of-discourse-an-interdisciplinary-approach/ Dr. S. Kanya Kumari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-105202614-Recreational.pdf Despite policy frameworks mandating gender equality in Philippine education, masculine-centric linguistic defaults persist in classrooms. This study assessed Senior High School students' awareness of Gender-Fair Language (GFL), their attitudes toward its classroom use, its perceived impact on inclusive culture, and the interventions needed to support a Gender-Fair Language Lexicon at Colegio de San Rafael Arcangel, Inc. A quantitative design was employed using random sampling; a researcher-developed, expert-validated sixty-item Likert-scale survey was administered and analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and rank. Findings reveal that students are Moderately Aware of Gender-Fair Language and hold a Somewhat Positive attitude toward its use, strongest for institutionalized occupational substitutions and weakest for non-binary honorifics. Attitudinal endorsement was strong at the normative level but inconsistent in habitual application. The study concludes that the school community exists in a state of "passive readiness" — adequate cognitive understanding without the structural mechanisms for consistent practice. In response, In Fairness: A Lexicon for Inclusive Communication was developed as a localized, faith-aligned instructional resource. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-fair-lexicon-from-biased-to-inclusive-language/ Avegail T. Temporal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-10520269-Gender.pdf This study investigates the use of hedges in the emerging genre of academic writing known as Transparent Peer Review (TPR). Unlike traditional blind review processes, TPR Writing Process, characterized by its open and inclusive nature, reveals the entire peer review process publicly , and thus allows academic readers to access reviewer reports and authorial responses along with the published article. Drawing on a corpus of twenty TPR reports from various Publications, this study aims to explore the role of hedges in transparent peer review. Using qualitative methods to explore several dimensions of hedging in this genre, it seeks to understand whether researchers and scholars participating in TPR employ hedges, what types of hedging strategies are used by reviewers and authors, how prevalence differs between these participant groups, and what functions hedges fulfil in the transparent review process. Drawing on a corpus of twenty TPR reports from Publications—an international quarterly peer-reviewed open-access journal—this investigation employs qualitative methods to explore several dimensions of hedging in this specific genre. The findings revealed that even though both authors and reviewers employ hedging techniques in their correspondence during the TPR process, the former use fewer hedges than the latter. It was also found that lexical hedges are predominate over strategic hedges. On the other hand, the functions of hedging in the TPR reports we have analyzed remain the same as their functions in other academic genres as to softening the truth value of the claim, showing the writer’s commitment to be a responsible and informed member of the scholarly community, and demonstrating awareness of one's audience etc. https://ijels.com/detail/hedging-strategies-in-transparent-peer-review-a-genre-based-analysis/ Nurettin Köroğlu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-10520263-Hedging.pdf This paper investigates the causal link between childhood trauma and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), as portrayed through the formal and thematic structures of 20th- and 21st-century English literary representations. By synthesising Marsha Linehan’s biosocial theory and Mary Zanarini’s multifactorial model with contemporary trauma theory, the analysis elucidates how early environmental invalidation triggers the structural instability of the "fragmented self" (Linehan, 1993; Zanarini, 1997). Moving beyond a broad thematic survey, the study anchors its micro-close reading in a stable theoretical frame to analyse how narrative techniques—such as temporal disjunction, unreliable narration, and somatic metaphors—reflect the cognitive and emotional dimensions of BPD, specifically within the context of Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits (Balaev, 2012). Crucially, the paper theorises that behaviours such as sadomasochistic behaviour are derivative consequences of childhood trauma, functioning as maladaptive re-enactments aimed at achieving mastery over past injury (Freud, 1920). By analysing a justified corpus of five major works, the report establishes the "trauma text" and the practice of scriptotherapy as mimetic equivalents to clinical realities of identity diffusion and emotion dysregulation (Plath, 1963; Kaysen, 1993). https://ijels.com/detail/the-architecture-of-absence-childhood-trauma-borderline-personality-disorder-and-the-fragmented-narrative-in-english-literary-representations/ Deepti Yadav, Dr Neeta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202617-TheArchitecture.pdf This paper examines the theme of psychological resistance in the novels of Toni Morrison, arguing that Morrison redefines resistance not merely as physical rebellion against oppression but as an internal struggle for selfhood, memory, healing, and emotional survival. Through characters who confront racial trauma, gendered violence, historical erasure, and internalized oppression, Morrison portrays psychological resistance as an enduring process of reclaiming identity within dehumanizing social systems. Focusing primarily on The Bluest Eye, Sula, Beloved, and God Help the Child, this paper explores how Morrison’s characters resist domination through memory, silence, self-definition, emotional endurance, and communal healing. Drawing upon trauma theory, psychoanalytic criticism, and Black feminist thought, the study demonstrates that Morrison transforms the psychological scars of slavery, racism, and patriarchy into spaces of resistance and recovery. Morrison’s fiction ultimately suggests that survival itself becomes an act of resistance when Black individuals refuse complete psychological submission to oppressive structures. https://ijels.com/detail/psychological-resistance-in-the-works-of-toni-morrison/ Aashima Kajal, Dr. B. M. Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202699-Psychological.pdf This paper analyses the colonisation of woman’s body in Eating Wasps by Anita Nair with special reference to patriarchy, sexuality, gender oppression and bodily autonomy. Anita Nair presents the emotional and psychological struggles of women living in a male-dominated society where female sexuality is suppressed, controlled and condemned through rigid cultural codes. The novel portrays how patriarchal structures attempt to dominate women physically, emotionally and psychologically by reducing them to objects of desire and instruments of male pleasure. The study examines the experiences of various women characters such as Urvasi, Sreelakshmi, Najma, Megha and Theresa, whose lives reveal the multiple forms of violence inflicted upon the female body. Women who express their desires openly are marginalised and humiliated by society, whereas men escape social condemnation even after exploiting women emotionally and physically. Sreelakshmi’s tragic relationship with Markose exposes the selfishness and hypocrisy of patriarchal morality where women become victims of male desire and abandonment. Similarly, the sexual assault of Megha and the acid attack on Najma reveal how brutal masculine power seeks to control and punish women who attempt to assert their individuality and freedom. Further, the paper explores how women themselves become instruments of domination within patriarchal culture. Characters like Theresa attempt to possess and control others through jealousy and emotional violence, thereby demonstrating that colonisation of the body operates at multiple levels within society. Drawing upon Luce Irigaray concept of bodily autonomy, the paper argues that women must reclaim ownership of their bodies and resist patriarchal structures that commodify female sexuality. The paper concludes that Anita Nair exposes the emotional trauma, exploitation and dehumanisation experienced by women in contemporary society while simultaneously celebrating the female body as a source of identity, power and selfhood. Through her women characters, Nair advocates the liberation of women from oppressive cultural ideologies and emphasises the need for bodily freedom, dignity and equality. https://ijels.com/detail/colonisation-of-woman-s-body-an-analysis-of-anita-nair-s-novel-eating-wasps/ Dr. E. Jothi Kirubha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-105202612-Colonisation.pdf This paper examines the intersections of existential philosophy and feminist thought in Jean-Paul Sartre’s short story “Intimacy”. Drawing upon the philosophical frameworks of Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and other key theorists, the study explores how the narrative reflects themes of freedom, identity, and the condition of woman as the ‘Other.’ Through an analytical approach, the paper investigates the psychological and existential struggles of the female characters, particularly Lulu, highlighting the tension between autonomy and social conditioning. It further argues that while Sartre’s work does not explicitly engage with feminist discourse, Beauvoirian influence is evident in its portrayal of gendered experience. The paper concludes that “Intimacy” offers a subtle yet significant engagement with existential feminism, revealing the complex dynamics between embodiment, freedom, and identity. https://ijels.com/detail/echoes-of-feminist-existentialism-in-jean-paul-sartre-s-intimacy/ Rishab Saha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-105202615-Echoes.pdf Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987) is a landmark novel that explores the haunting legacy of slavery through the psychological trauma of its characters. Centered around Sethe, a formerly enslaved woman who is haunted by the ghost of her dead daughter, Beloved examines the impact of generational trauma, the struggle for identity, and the complex dynamics of motherhood. Morrison masterfully weaves historical memory, supernatural elements, and fragmented narrative techniques to depict how slavery’s horrors persist long after physical emancipation. This research paper analyses Beloved through the lens of postcolonial trauma theory and psychoanalysis, exploring how memory, guilt, and maternal sacrifice shape Sethe’s identity. The paper examines the function of the ghostly Beloved as a metaphor for unresolved historical trauma, the psychological consequences of slavery on the Black female body, and how Morrison challenges traditional narratives of motherhood and freedom. By interrogating the intersections of race, gender, and historical memory, this study positions Beloved as a critical intervention in the discourse of slavery’s lingering psychological scars. https://ijels.com/detail/beloved-the-haunting-of-slavery-memory-trauma-and-motherhood/ K. Mubasheera, Dr. N. Vijayakumari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-105202623-Beloved.pdf Hinduism, as a religious section became political in Modern India. Political religiosity became a power-oriented system and Shashi Tharoor analyses different aspects of the origin, aims and activities of this system to amass power for the survival. This book brings to light, the formation of Hindutva, the political phase of Hinduism and the different layers of emphasis that it exerts over various fields of the country. This article concludes with the notion of Tharoor regarding the supremacy of constitution. https://ijels.com/detail/political-undertones-of-hinduism-in-the-light-of-the-book-why-i-am-a-hindu-by-shashi-tharoor/ Dr Krishna Kumar R https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-10520261-Political.pdf In the context of frequent international exchanges around the world, metro prompt words also play an important role in cultural communication. This paper takes Skopos Theory as the theoretical perspective to explore the translation strategies of metro prompt words. After analyzing the importance, research progress and trends of metro prompt words, this paper puts forward targeted translation strategies based on the three rules of Skopos Theory, and verifies the effectiveness of the strategies with examples of prompt words in different scenarios such as station entry, riding and exit. Finally, it puts forward optimization suggestions such as strengthening translator training, establishing a quality review mechanism and unifying translation standards, and discusses the enlightenment of Skopos Theory to the translation of other public signs. This study enriches the application of Skopos Theory in the field of public sign translation and provides a reference for the translation practice of metro prompt words. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-translation-strategies-of-metro-prompt-words-under-skopos-theory/ Zhu Ling https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-105202628-AStudy.pdf Mythology does not merely preserve cultural memory; it also shapes social attitudes toward women, sexuality, obedience, and moral legitimacy. Indian mythological narratives have historically represented women through patriarchal ideals such as chastity, sacrifice, and devotion, thereby reducing female subjectivity to symbolic functions within male-centered traditions. Power Women: A Journey into Hindu Mythology, Folklore and History by Pushpa Kurup revisits mythological women whose voices have been marginalized or distorted within dominant retellings. This paper examines Kurup's reinterpretation of Madhavi, Renuka, and Kannagi through the theoretical framework developed by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in "Can the Subaltern Speak?". Spivak's argument shifts attention from silence itself to the structures that prevent marginalized women from being heard on their own terms. The paper also engages feminist scholars such as Uma Chakravarti, Simone de Beauvoir, and Shulamith Firestone to situate Kurup's work within broader feminist debates on patriarchy, female sexuality, and bodily control. Madhavi is commodified through reproductive exchange, Renuka is disciplined through surveillance of female desire, and Kannagi acquires authority only after conforming completely to patriarchal ideals of chastity and wifely devotion. Together, these narratives demonstrate that mythology does not simply reflect patriarchy but actively participates in preserving and legitimizing it. Kurup's feminist reinterpretation exposes the emotional and psychological dimensions erased by traditional retellings and restores complexity to women who were historically reduced to moral symbols. https://ijels.com/detail/commodified-disciplined-deified-mythological-women-and-patriarchal-power-in-pushpa-kurup-s-power-women/ Santhosh Patel, Dr. Seema Choudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-105202621-Commodified.pdf With the widespread popularity of social media platforms in Taiwan, the methods, actors, and pathways of disseminating the image of mainland China in Taiwanese society have undergone profound changes. The traditional one-way communication model dominated by mainstream media has gradually shifted to a multi-actor interactive communication model involving official accounts, opinion leaders, and ordinary users. This study focuses on three major platforms—Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok—and employs theories such as framing theory, national image construction theory, and the "other-shaping vs. self-shaping" perspective. Through methods like content analysis, framing analysis, sentiment analysis, and discourse analysis, it examines content related to mainland China on Taiwanese social media over the past three years. The findings reveal that the image of mainland China on Taiwanese social media is co-constructed by multiple actors, with significant differences in framing strategies among them. Official accounts emphasize frameworks of political unification and developmental achievements; opinion leaders favor cultural resonance and emotional engagement, while ordinary users tend toward lifestyle and entertainment-oriented expressions. The cultural resonance framework is most likely to generate positive interactions, whereas the political unification framework is more prone to spark controversy and polarization. Platform algorithms, user interactions, and short-video mechanisms collectively influence the visibility and acceptance of mainland China's image. This study proposes communication strategies such as actor coordination, framing optimization, pathway innovation, and algorithm adaptation. https://ijels.com/detail/construction-of-taiwan-s-social-media-image-in-chinese-mainland-from-the-perspectives-of-other-construction-and-self-construction-research/ Chao-Chun Shen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-105202650-Construction.pdf Ismat Chughtai’s fiction engages the body as a deeply political and spiritual site, where desire, silence, and moral regulation intersect. This paper examines how Chughtai represents same-sex female intimacy not as moral collapse but as an alternative form of emotional and spiritual truth. Focusing primarily on Lihaaf and selected short stories, the study explores how queer desire, though socially coded as sin, becomes a source of comfort, care, and existential survival for women confined within patriarchal and religious respectability. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s understanding of sexuality as a discourse of power and Sara Ahmed’s work on affect and orientation, the paper argues that Chughtai subtly relocates spirituality from institutional religion to lived intimacy. While heteronormative morality denies queer bodies spiritual legitimacy, Chughtai’s narratives suggest that desire itself functions as a form of inward faith, a quiet commitment to emotional honesty. Spirituality, therefore, is not abandoned but transformed. Situated in the turbulent context of late-colonial India and Partition, Chughtai’s writing anticipates contemporary queer literary concerns by showing how private desire becomes a refuge from social, political, and moral violence. Her restrained narrative style, marked by suggestion, irony, and silence, allows queer embodiment to exist without moral spectacle. A brief comparative reading of Ocean Vuong’s On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous and Akwaeke Emezi’s Freshwater demonstrates how contemporary queer writers continue this redefinition of spirituality beyond religious doctrine. Read together, they reveal a queer literary tradition in which desire is not opposed to spirituality, but becomes its most honest language. https://ijels.com/detail/silent-desires-and-sacred-truths-ismat-chughtai-and-the-queer-rewriting-of-flesh-and-spirit/ Ananya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-105202634-Silent.pdf Migration is a well-known process, movement of people from one place to another, this may be due to certain reasons like, employment opportunities, education purposes, enhance the standard of living etc. This study mainly focuses on the effects of social isolation on the psychological and emotional well-being of international migrant students from Kerala to the United Kingdom for educational purposes. Migration of young students is increasing day by day because of the high quality and world class education provided by the other countries and also the better infrastructure facilities. The objective of the present study was to find out the effects of social isolation on the psychological well being of international students. This study also studies about the financial or socio-economic background of the respondents and the causes or factors contributing to social isolation and the coping mechanisms they used to combat loneliness and isolation. The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted among 60 international migrant students from Kerala residing in United Kingdom for up to three years. The data was collected through structured questionnaires. The major finding of the present study is financial or economic aspect is the most significant factor that contribute to social isolation and loneliness followed by cultural and language barrier. This study contributes to the existing body of literature on the factors contributing to social isolation faced by the international student by providing a focused analysis of Malayali students' experiences residing in the United Kingdom and underscores the need for culturally sensitive support systems in educational institutions for better environment that fosters meaningful social relationships. This information is valuable for the educational institution and mental health sectors to create a supportive environment for the migrated students to enhance their psychological well-being and academic success. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-contributing-to-social-isolation-and-loneliness-and-its-effect-on-the-psychological-well-being-of-malayali-migrant-students-in-uk/ Athira Venugopal, Dr. Sibin Mathew Medayil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-105202651-Factors.pdf Mother Mary Comes to Me (2025) is Arundhati Roy’s first full-length autobiographical work since The God of Small Things won the Booker Prize in 1997. The memoir reconstructs Roy’s complex relationship with her mother, Mary Roy, the Kerala-based educator and women’s rights activist whose 1986 legal victory secured equal inheritance rights for Syrian Christian women. This review examines the memoir along four interlocking axes: the emotional architecture of the mother–daughter bond, the feminist and social commentary woven through the narrative, the lyrical and non-linear style that mirrors the workings of memory, and the larger ethical questions about love, grief, and inheritance that the book raises. The paper argues that Roy refuses both hagiography and bitter indictment, instead modelling a mature mode of remembrance in which admiration, resentment, and tenderness coexist. The memoir is read here as both an intimate elegy and an act of cultural critique, extending Roy’s long-standing engagement with patriarchy, class, and political violence into the register of personal life writing. https://ijels.com/detail/mother-mary-comes-to-me-a-critical-reading-of-arundhati-roy-s-memoir-on-motherhood-memory-and-resistance/ Reshmi C R https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-105202646-MotherMary.pdf Aravind Adiga's Booker Prize-winning novel The White Tiger (2008) has been widely examined as a narrative of class rebellion and postcolonial critique; however, its feminist and subaltern dimensions remain critically underexplored. This paper interrogates the novel through a feminist-subaltern framework, drawing upon Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's foundational question "Can the subaltern speak?” to examine the structurally silenced, rendered invisible, and doubly marginalised female figures who haunt Balram Halwai's first-person confession. While Balram's voice dominates the narrative, the women surrounding him, Kishan's unnamed wife, Pinky Madam, and the shadowy figures of the Darkness, are confined to the periphery of language, agency, and self-representation, embodying the condition of the subaltern within contemporary India's fractured socio-economic landscape. The paper is organized into five interlocking sections: an introduction situating the novel within postcolonial feminist discourse; a review of the intellectual genealogy of subaltern studies from Gramsci through the Subaltern Studies Collective to Spivak's feminist revision; a close textual analysis of female characters as embodiments of double subordination; an examination of the limits and possibilities of defiance; and a contextualisation of the novel's gender politics within contemporary India. The study ultimately argues that the novel's true subaltern is not Balram — who ultimately speaks and escapes — but the women whose silence makes his voice possible. https://ijels.com/detail/the-white-tiger-through-the-lens-of-feminism/ Dr Divya Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-104202667-TheWhite.pdf This paper revisits Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea as an existential hero who faces isolation, meaninglessness, and loss in an uncaring universe. Going beyond the classical interpretations of stoicism or Christian allegory, the paper puts Santiago into an existential context that incorporates the views of Camus and Sartre. The sea is symbolized as the absurd state of human life- vast, indifferent, and unpredictable- and the human quest of meaning amidst unavoidable loss is dramatized, as Santiago struggles alone against the marlin and the sharks. His statement that a man may be destroyed but not defeated is a statement that expresses a philosophy, which is not based on outward achievements but rather on internal determination and conscious decision making. Santiago gives meaning to a world in which there is none by means of suffering, endurance and self-definition. The study claims that the heroism of Santiago is not in his victory over the nature but his resistance to giving up agency when confronting absurdity. In the end, the novel turns out to be deep reflection on existential dignity and moral strength on the part of Hemingway. https://ijels.com/detail/existential-isolation-and-the-search-for-meaning-in-an-absurd-universe-re-reading-santiago-as-hemingway-s-existential-hero/ Moumita Biswas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-105202611-Existential.pdf The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot stands as one of the most significant poetic representations of the spiritual, cultural, and psychological crisis of the twentieth century. Written in the aftermath of the First World War, the poem reflects the fragmentation and disillusionment of modern urban civilization. This paper examines the themes of urban alienation and cultural crisis as portrayed in the poem through Eliot’s use of fragmented imagery, mythical references, and symbolic landscapes. The modern city, particularly London, appears as a barren and lifeless space where individuals experience emotional isolation, loss of identity, and moral decay. Eliot presents urban life as mechanical and spiritually empty, exposing the collapse of human relationships and the decline of traditional cultural and religious values.The study further explores how Eliot employs multiple voices, allusions, and shifting narrative techniques to depict the confusion and instability of modern existence. The poem’s fragmented structure mirrors the fractured condition of post-war society and emphasizes the crisis of communication and meaning in contemporary life. At the same time, Eliot’s incorporation of myth and religious symbolism suggests a search for spiritual renewal amid cultural degeneration. By critically analyzing the social and psychological dimensions of alienation in The Waste Land, this paper highlights Eliot’s concern with the dehumanizing effects of modernity and the need for cultural regeneration. The poem ultimately emerges as a profound critique of modern civilization and its crisis of values. https://ijels.com/detail/urban-alienation-and-cultural-crisis-in-the-waste-land-of-t-s-eliot/ Dr. Sarbani Sankar Panigrahi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-105202652-Urban.pdf Ismat Chughtai remains one of the most influential literary voices of twentieth-century India. A pioneer of feminist Urdu literature, she explored themes such as gender discrimination, female sexuality, class hierarchy, and social oppression with remarkable boldness and realism. Her writings challenged patriarchal structures and gave voice to women whose experiences had long remained suppressed within conservative society. This paper examines the relationship between Chughtai’s life experiences and her literary vision through a study of her autobiography A Life in Words: Memoirs and major fictional works such as Lihaaf. It further analyses her contribution to feminist discourse, her association with the Progressive Writers’ Association, and her portrayal of women’s resistance against social and cultural restrictions. Chughtai’s realism, sharp social observation, and fearless narrative style enabled her to expose the hypocrisies of a male-dominated society and redefine women’s representation in South Asian literature. The paper argues that Chughtai not only transformed Urdu fiction but also emerged as a revolutionary literary figure whose works continue to remain relevant in contemporary feminist studies. https://ijels.com/detail/breaking-the-silence-feminism-realism-and-resistance-in-the-writings-of-ismat-chughtai/ Dr. Fatima Ashana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-105202633-Breaking.pdf The AR and VR Technologies are changing the world from the way we know it, reshaping industries by combining physicals and digital integration. The transformation of an attire for an exhibition or a runway show into an immersive digital avatar is a change of an era. This cutting-edge sophisticated technology empowers designers to exceed real world boundaries and create engaging and interactive narratives which increase perception, attention and appreciation. In this paper, I study AR and VR immersion and their use in creating fashion brand presentations, including those that completely transformed the fashion industry using advanced technologies. The biggest benefit in using AR/VR for apparel digitization is the ability to create alternative sustainable remediation for ordinary shows by saving on travel, venue, and physical material costs. Virtual reality fashion experiences also provide opportunities for cross-cultural interaction and engagement through accessible fashion. However, is it still easy to argue against the added challenges such as high production expenditure, technological inhibitions, and unwillingness to adopt AR/VR. Regardless these hurdles, AR and VR continues to change the narrative of the fashion world in terms of creativity and technology, consumer engagement and design storytelling with the passage of time. https://ijels.com/detail/immersive-storytelling-how-ar-vr-is-transforming-fashion-runways-and-exhibitions/ Shivangi Srivastava, Mahek Fatima https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-105202627-Immersive.pdf Biomedical field is an emerging sector in the healthcare industry of the Philippines. As mandated by the Health Department, hospitals are required to have biomedical management program to monitors, supervise and maintain medical equipment to ensure that health facilities are providing quality healthcare to the public. This study is conducted to determine the extent of biomedical policy awareness and implementation in terms of calibration, preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, inventory management and documentation of Mt. Grace Resources Management Inc. biomedical technicians across partner hospitals of Mt. Grace Hospitals Inc. network. The study employed descriptive-correlational research design using a structured survey questionnaire as the main tool for data gathering with in-house MGRMI biomedical technician across MGHI network as respondents. It is found that in terms of calibration, preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, inventory management and documentation, biomedical technicians are very much aware and that biomedical policy is very much implemented. Furthermore, biomedical policy awareness is significantly correlated to the policy implementation in terms of preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance and documentation. However, in terms of calibration and inventory management, biomedical policy awareness does not have a significant relationship to biomedical policy implementation. This means that the knowledge of biomedical technicians with the biomedical policy is fully translated into the daily practices and procedures of operations in terms of preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance and documentation but not in terms of calibration and inventory management. With the results of the study, the researcher developed a proposed standardized biomedical policy that can be adopted by MGRMI in order to improve productivity of the Biomedical Department. https://ijels.com/detail/biomedical-policy-awareness-and-implementation-in-mt-grace-hospitals-inc-network/ Herald Jay A. Buena, Domingo V. Evangelista Jr. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-105202639-Biomedical.pdf This paper looks at the changing caste relations from an ecological perspective, focusing on Thathamangalam in Palakkad district, Kerala. Paddy cultivation in this region historically played a major role in shaping gender, caste, and community relations, as well as the human-nature relationship, as in other areas of Kerala. The institution of caste defined the agrarian and labour relationships in Thathamangalam, as in other agrarian societies. However, with a decline in paddy cultivation, agrarian structure has undergone significant transformation over the years. The agrarian structure, or its various dimensions since the time of independence, such as land reforms and the Green Revolution, brought about subsequent changes. Traditional agricultural labour relations have also changed with recent developments. This study tries to indicate how ecological factors interdigitate with social ones and aims to examine to what extent an ecological analysis is possible in dealing with the complex paddy relations of production in rice farming. Further, it also analyses the different social groups in conjunction with social relations around the use of natural resources in paddy cultivation. https://ijels.com/detail/changing-caste-relations-from-an-ecological-perspective-a-socioecological-account-of-agrarian-caste-system/ Dr. Diana Mathews, Dr. Akhila Johnson https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-105202654-Changing.pdf