https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 10 This study discusses the complex personality of Georgie in Theresa Rebeck’s High Heels (1992) by depending on the feminist points of view of one of the French feminist practitioners, Luce Irigaray. A short introduction is given to illustrate the woman’s situation in this study while referring to the play. This paper is limited to the analysis of Georgie’s personality though employing some of Irigaray’s feminist ideas. Her dissatisfaction with her life and the patriarchal system will be the focusing points of this paper. Georgie’s motives and personal movements will be explained as a method to reach her dream. https://ijels.com/detail/a-french-feminist-reading-of-theresa-rebeck-s-spike-heels/ Hasan Hussein Karo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10120242-AFrench.pdf This research paper examines the influence of naturalism on literature, focusing on its emergence in the late 19th century and its lasting impact through an analysis of William Shakespeare's 'King Lear.' Naturalism, rooted in scientific determinism, aimed to realistically portray human existence shaped by external forces. The paper explores how 'King Lear' serves as a significant naturalistic work, delving into themes of flawed decisions, betrayal, the inexorable march of time, and the interplay between individual agency and cosmic forces. Shakespeare's characters in 'King Lear' reflect the naturalistic approach to character development, exhibiting psychological depth influenced by their environment and circumstances. The play offers a deterministic vision, aligning with naturalistic principles, and explores the consequences of human choices within a larger cosmic context. The influence of Shakespeare on subsequent naturalistic writers is evident in their nuanced characters and societal explorations. Analyzing 'King Lear' through interconnected naturalistic elements—character motivations, societal structures, and the inexorable march of fate—reveals how Lear's motivations, shaped by societal expectations, lead to a tragic cascade of events. Symbolism and imagery in the play amplify naturalistic themes, such as the storm representing the chaos of human existence. The cathartic experience of tragedy in 'King Lear' is rooted in the naturalistic portrayal of life's harsh realities, prompting reflection on the broader human experience. Diverse critical interpretations, from deterministic readings to discussions on individual agency, add complexity to the naturalistic exploration, inviting readers to engage with the text from various perspectives. https://ijels.com/detail/determinism-and-descent-a-naturalistic-exploration-of-human-tragedy-in-shakespeare-s-king-lear-and-its-lasting-impact-on-literary-traditions/ Imran Ahmad Sheikh, Khushi, Koudinna Kumar Karki https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10120248-Determinism.pdf Wall Street's historical journey, from the Buttonwood Agreement to the Great Depression and the latter half of the 20th century, unfolds as a dynamic tale of growth and challenges. The Agreement of 1792 beneath a buttonwood tree marked a transformative moment, laying the foundation for organized trading and shaping Wall Street into a global financial hub. The 19th century saw the rise of diverse financial institutions, solidifying Wall Street's role in the American financial system. Despite facing challenges like the Panic of 1873, Wall Street demonstrated resilience, becoming instrumental in financing the nation's industrial expansion. The Gilded Age propelled Wall Street to global prominence, with the emergence of the New York Stock Exchange contributing to the myth of the "Master of the Universe." The Roaring Twenties brought both prosperity and societal flaws, as the pursuit of material wealth and excess sowed the seeds for moral decay. Understanding this historical context is crucial for exploring evolving cultural representations. Focusing on literature from the 1980s, specifically Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989), this study adopts a structuralist approach. Through evaluating symbols, archetypes, and cultural codes, the analysis contributes to a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between finance and broader societal and cultural contexts. https://ijels.com/detail/socio-cultural-re-presentations-of-wall-street-in-tom-wolfe-s-the-bonfire-of-the-vanities-1987-and-michael-lewis-s-liar-s-poker-1989/ Dr. Souleymane Ndao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10120245-Socio-cultural.pdf Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) revolutionizes education by utilizing mobile devices to extend learning beyond traditional settings. This study aims to explore the effects of the ELSA Speak app on English-speaking skills and students’ attitudes towards the use of the app at a college in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research involved fifty English students divided into control and experimental groups. It employed pretest and posttest, and a questionnaire for quantitative data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis. The results indicated that ELSA Speak effectively enhanced students’ English speaking skills; it was also revealed that students had positive attitudes towards the use of the app. The study provided recommendations for both teachers and learners in utilizing mobile applications, specifically ELSA Speak to improve English speaking skills in the Vietnamese context. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effects-of-using-elsa-speak-app-on-the-enhancement-of-college-students-english-speaking-skills/ Dong Thi Thao Nguyen, Le Van Tuyen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112202350-TheEffects.pdf This study describes the tonology of infinitives in Meru, a Bantu language spoken in Northeastern Tanzania specifically to identify behavior of tone in simple and complex infinitives. The study was guided by the Auto-segmental phonological theory introduced by Goldsmith, (1976) in data analysis to determine different behaviors of tone in these infinitives. The study was conducted in Arumeru district as the targeted population was only Meru native speakers and from these population data were collected through introspection and interview and responses produced were recorded. The methodology used was qualitative. The study indicates that, simple infinitives behave based on the number of syllables that form a root or stem. Accent is assigned at first syllable of a stem and there are processes involved for one to get the acceptable tone patterns and these are; Stem Accent Assignment, Accent-BTM Association, Melody Association, High Spread and finally Output. For the case of simple infinitives with six syllables further processes are involved and they are; Stem Accent Copying after Stem Accent Assignment, and tone simplification after High spread. Complex infinitives appeared differently from simple infinitives on how tone is marked since object marker (OM) is found and it receives an accent and in such instances, the accent assigned at the first syllable of a stem becomes inferior and get deleted. After that, the accent assigned at the object marker spreads rightward. It has been concluded that tone has very important significances as it describes the way meaning can change based on where accent is assigned in Bantu languages including Meru and for that reason; there is a need for further study on tone at nominal, phrase and sentence level. https://ijels.com/detail/the-tonology-of-simple-and-complex-infinitives-in-meru-language-of-the-northeastern-tanzania/ Elirehema Daniel Nnko https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-10120246-TheTonology.pdf Ernest Hemingway, celebrated for his prowess as both a journalist and literary artist, demonstrates a profound engagement with diverse societal strata and narrative dimensions in his works. This abstract explores Hemingway's thematic exploration of war, particularly within the Spanish landscapes of "For Whom the Bell Tolls" and "A Farewell to Arms," highlighting the transcendence of national identity. Employing a New Historicist perspective, the deconstruction of Hemingway's narratives reveals the transformative potential of this critical approach in amplifying diverse voices. Despite his American origins, Hemingway's depiction of Spain goes beyond geographical boundaries, encapsulating universal narratives while providing a platform for marginalized voices. In "For Whom the Bell Tolls," Hemingway strategically incorporates supporting characters to amplify the voices of the marginalized, emphasizing an inclusive ethos aligned with New Historicism. The novel becomes a conduit for multiplicity, illustrating the traumatic repercussions of war on the human psyche. Hemingway, viewed through the lens of New Historicism, emerges as a custodian of war writing, constructing a framework that elucidates power structures and oppressive regimes. The metaphor of 'Alluvial soil' symbolizes the dynamic and evolving nature of historical narratives, promoting an acknowledgment of history as inherently multi-narrative. This paradigm shift encourages the acceptance that history is subjective and contributes to the cultivation of a transformative space for societal and cultural progress. Ultimately, Hemingway's narrative craftsmanship, interpreted through New Historicism, extends beyond literary exploration, evolving into a critical discourse that shapes collective consciousness and fosters societal transformation. https://ijels.com/detail/historical-contexts-literary-voices-exploring-resistance-and-marginalized-narratives-in-hemingway-s-for-whom-the-bell-tolls-through-a-new-historicist-framework/ Aishwarya Khale https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-10120247-Historical.pdf In a world characterized by unprecedented global flows, women writers have emerged as powerful voices navigating the complexities of the "transnational turn." This research delves into how contemporary women writers engage with issues of migration, economic inequities, cultural transformation, and transnational solidarity, weaving narratives that illuminate the human cost and creative potential of this interconnected world. The contemporary narratives showcase the emotional weight of diaspora, the complexities of navigating cultural expectations across borders, and the persistent questioning of identity within a transnationalized world. The article explores how women writers engage with global flows, specifically focusing on their nuanced portrayals of the shifting sands of cultural practices and the multifaceted construction of identities in a world interwoven with transnational forces. With its intricate web of transnational forces, women writers have emerged as the cartographers of the 21st century’s interconnected yet dislocated world. The ever-evolving construction of identity amidst a chorus of societal expectations across borders in these narratives is no less than a literary expedition across borders offering insights into the complexities and creative possibilities of the interconnected world. https://ijels.com/detail/the-transnational-turn-how-women-writers-are-engaging-with-global-flows-in-the-21st-century/ Dr. Suman Siwach https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-101202411-TheTransnational.pdf Covid-19, which is also referred to as Novel Coronavirus Disease, has begun in China and has rapidly crossed multiple national borders and infected people all over the world, where India has been severely affected by this outbreak in almost all sectors; as a result of the threat of the spread of this viral disease, India, at the beginning, has been forced to shut down all general activities and to force a tight lockdown to restrict human interactions. These sudden restrictions and orders have puzzled and affected the common public in many ways, such as emotionally, physically, financially, and career-wise, halting their potential improvements, and have also ruined many people's livelihoods and the rhythm of life in India. Although the process of unlocking has started and successfully implemented, at the time of post lockdown, people were not afraid of the coronavirus at the same time, due to the experiences of facing rapid attacks from new variants such as Delta, Delta Plus, and Omicron, triggered different psychological and social problems in the living society. In this connection, this research paper exclusively focuses on the sudden rise of domestic violence, depression, and surge of anger between people since the virus outbreak in India. This study covers various associated issues as well as views on financial and social issues and government actions to control the spread of the virus when these negative characteristics make the situation more vulnerable. Thus, through the findings and analysis of this paper, it is useful to know the pulse of common people in India and their tactics to handle these situations which also prevents negativity in people because of these crucial circumstances. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-on-domestic-violence-depression-and-surge-of-anger-during-the-covid-19-outbreak-in-india/ Dr. P. Gopikrishna, Dr. J. Anil Premraj, Dr. M. Vinothkumar, R. Ajayendra, Dr. S. Raja, Dr. A. Manikandan, Dr. A. Rushikesava, M.Venkata Sai Koushik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-101202416-AnAnalysis.pdf The paper highlights the dynamic nature of Indian feminism, emphasizing its diverse interpretations, intersectional approach, and unwavering commitment to achieving gender justice. It underscores the need for continued dialogue, critical analysis of successes and failures, and sustained efforts to dismantle the entrenched structures that perpetuate gendered inequalities. By exploring the ongoing struggles and celebrating the hard-won victories, this paper aims at inviting a deeper understanding of this ever-evolving movement and its crucial role in shaping India's future. Feminism in India is a vibrant, complex tapestry woven across centuries, marked by both remarkable progress and tenacious struggles. Rooted in colonial critiques and anti-patriarchal movements, Indian feminism has evolved into a multifaceted platform challenging gender inequalities across numerous fronts: economic disparity, political underrepresentation, social discrimination, and culture-specific injustices like dowry deaths and female infanticide. Its key achievements include constitutional guarantees of equality, landmark legislation like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, and growing representation in education and the workforce. However, the fight for a truly equitable society remains an ongoing battle. Challenges like entrenched patriarchal norms, religious fundamentalism, and systemic injustices against marginalized communities, especially Dalit women and those in rural areas, continue to impede progress. https://ijels.com/detail/navigating-the-labyrinth-struggles-and-triumphs-of-the-indian-women-s-movement/ Dr. Subhalaxmi Mohanty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-101202417-Navigating.pdf This paper explores the complex dynamics of male-female relationship within the framework of masculinity and femininity as presented in John Osborne's path breaking drama Look Back in Anger. The purpose of this study is to illuminate how the author uses gender roles to create and deconstruct the relationships at the heart of the story by looking closely at the characters and their interactions. The purpose of this article is to explore how the character follows or subverts established gender norms, which in turn affects their marriage and the overall flow of the play. This paper does this using an interdisciplinary approach based on literature, gender studies and theatre analysis. It focuses on two main characters, Jimmy and Alison, who struggle with the changing nature of cultural expectations and gender roles in post-war England. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-masculinity-and-femininity-in-the-husband-wife-dynamics-of-look-back-in-anger/ Aditi Verma, Dr A. Babu Rajendra Prasad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-101202419-Exploring.pdf Ammonite (2020) is loosely based on the life of Mary Anning (1799–1847), a palaeontologist in England. The film captures her struggles as she drudges by the seaside to collect fossils that were appropriated by the male scientists who claimed her relics as their own. Her stormy relationship with Charlotte Murchison, an upper-class woman, posits the chief ideas that the film explores- class, gender, and sexuality. Lee’s story resurrects the unacknowledged achievements of Mary Anning in a patriarchal society and adds an LGBTQ dimension through their passionate erotic relationship. It is a reimagination based on the lives of two women who were ignored by the male-centric scientific community of the nineteenth century. The study critiques discrimination against women, class differentiation and the institution of marriage. It underscores the role of cinema as a cultural text to reveal how such practices have existed through centuries of exploitation and marginalization by those in positions of power. As a storytelling medium, cinema can transport audiences into a different historical time frame and give an alternate perspective to challenge the status quo. The paper examines how Ammonite addresses pressing issues of class and gender and offers a cultural critique through the aesthetic use of images, sound, and narrative. The film has been evaluated through Feminist Theory, Media Studies, and Queer Theory to establish how Lee’s film presents alternative paradigms favouring inclusivity and representation of the less privileged. https://ijels.com/detail/francis-lee-s-period-film-ammonite-an-exploration-of-gender-class-and-sexuality/ Dr. Manjari Johri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-101202415-Francis.pdf John Millington Synge (1871-1909), prominent figure of Irish literature. In his Riders to the Sea written in 1902 and this was considered one of the finest one- act play. The purpose of this article is to show how Synge followed the classical unities of tragedy and how his characters and settings portraying the ancient Greek tragedians rather than Shakespearean tragedies. https://ijels.com/detail/aran-waves-and-greek-echoes-tragedy-in-j-m-synge-s-work-riders-to-the-sea/ Dr. Josit Mariya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-101202420-Aran.pdf This essay examines gender representation in Akira Kurosawa's film "Rashomon," specifically focusing on the film's portrayal of women within the socio-cultural context of 1950s Japan. "Rashomon" presents a narrative that reflects the entrenched patriarchal norms of the era, depicting women as submissive and victimized while men are shown as dominant figures. The essay argues that, despite the ostensibly masculine spirit of Kurosawa's films, the female characters in "Rashomon" offer a nuanced view that transcends simple categorization. The film's narrative structure, which offers multiple perspectives on a single incident but predominantly from male viewpoints, reinforces traditional gender norms, with the female character's autonomy and agency being notably disregarded. This representation aligns with the contemporary societal views which saw women as domestic and dependent. The essay critically explores the complexities of Masago's character, countering arguments that she is manipulative, instead suggesting that within the patriarchal constraints of her society, a woman's sexuality may be her only perceived power. The essay concludes that "Rashomon" serves as a powerful commentary on the gender inequalities of the time, reminding us of the continuous need for gender equality and the empowerment of women. https://ijels.com/detail/japan-s-perception-of-women-the-case-of-kurosawa-s-rashomon/ Ishita Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-101202418-Japan.pdf The world is facing a lot of changes in recent decades. There is enormous development in every field. Everything is developing in one hand and on the other hand the entire world is reaching its grave position in terms of humanity and love. Many authors have shared their ideas on how the world is going to be in the mere future in the form of dystopian fiction. Dystopian literature is nothing but the entire story of the novel is set in the future. This research paper depicts post humanism and artificial intelligence taking its pace in dystopian fiction. https://ijels.com/detail/post-humanismin-dystopian-fiction-with-reference-to-the-novel-feed-by-m-t-anderson/ Indra Priyadharshini M, Dr. C. Leena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-101202430-Post.pdf This paper is an attempt to analyse the transcultural elements in the novels The Tiger’s Daughter and Wife written by Bharati Mukherjee, an Indian diasporic writer. Mukherjee’s writings reflect her own life as an immigrant, as she writes about the pain of adjusting to a completely alien land with its own culture and beliefs. Through her stories, the readers are able to catch a glimpse of the immigrant life, and their conflict between location and culture. An attempt is made to explore the concept of transculturalism in her novels by tracing the respective journeys of the protagonists, Tara and Dimple, with the help of Homi Bhabha’s concepts of mimicry, third space and hybridity. https://ijels.com/detail/transculturalism-in-the-diasporic-writings-of-bharati-mukherjee-a-note-on-the-tiger-s-daughter-and-wife/ Dr. Sumitra Huidrom, Saleha Nizam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-112202318-Transculturalism.pdf This paper explores the themes of expatriation and identity in Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast and James Baldwin’s Notes of a Native Son. It examines the meaning and the function of expatriation and how it relates to the search for personal identity for both American writers by looking at the intertext of their Parisian memoirs. It shows how these transatlantic authors strategically use expatriate space as a laboratory to reconstruct personal identity as individuals and as artists via the high level of intellectualism self-exile stimulates in a social context characterized by alienation. https://ijels.com/detail/expatriation-as-laboratory-in-ernest-hemingway-s-and-james-baldwin-s-parisian-memoirs/ Dr. Rachid Toumi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202422-Expatriation.pdf Love is not merely an emotion but a potent feeling everyone desires to experience. When someone falls in love, they lose control over their feelings. Some individuals love selflessly, even without any hope for reciprocation. We all wait for someone who makes us feel unique and adds extraordinary value to our lives. However, love also demands sacrifices; sometimes, our love becomes the reason for someone's pain. In love, one should not be selfish and should not expect reciprocation from the other person. Love is unconditional and knows no bounds. "If someone does not love you, you do not have to convince them to love you back. True love comes naturally when you truly care for someone. Only when someone who loves you disappears from your life do you realise their importance? In contemporary times, everyone desires to be loved and to love in return. We are all lonely people who crave love and care. No one can love someone like Radha loved Lord Krishna. “Their love is everlasting and serves as an example of true love for future generations. Their love, respect, and care for each other cannot be matched. This paper will analyse the theme of love by examining the story of Lord Krishna and his beloved Radha and their love and sacrifice for each other." https://ijels.com/detail/jayadeva-s-gita-govinda-a-poem-about-the-agony-and-separation-of-lord-krishna-and-his-beloved-radha/ Priya Kharyal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-101202432-Jayadeva.pdf This study aims to present the background knowledge of linguaculture and express the effect of religious culture on verbal communication used by politicians in English countries within the broad context of political behavior and communication. To achieve this aim, an eclectic model, drawing on Risagers' (2012), was developed as an analytical framework to analyze the two selected texts of the English religion-based political party 'The Christian Heritage Party of Canada.' The study concludes that religious culture has a more prominent effect on the verbal communication of politicians in English texts. Politicians use intertextual references to the Biblical texts throughout their texts to legitimize their actions and perspectives, add meanings to the intended meaning and utilize an authoritative source as background and support. Thus, they enhance their speeches to reveal their religious identity and pass on their agendas. https://ijels.com/detail/the-nexus-of-religion-and-politics-in-the-discourses-of-english-faith-based-party-a-linguacultural-analysis/ Zainab Abid Majeed, Dr Abbas Lutfi Hussein https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-101202425-Thenexus.pdf The narrative discourse of country music from 2016 to 2021 constructs a worldview clinging onto a nostalgic sense of community and moral values despite a world torn asunder by Covid 19, politics, race, gender, and religion. Country music during these tumultuous times offers listeners a moral community and a sense of unchanging place and shared meaning. In this article. I examine the construction of moral communities in contemporary country music by unpacking the structure of small-town values and sensibilities, including the vestigial Puritan religious attachments to the Judeo-Christian bible and loyal attachments to a poetic sense of place and community. I argue that a close narrative analysis of Top Billboard Country Music’s lyrics reveals how these hometown values are framed to construct a world of collective effervescence. https://ijels.com/detail/good-ol-boys-and-beer-a-moral-framework-for-understanding-republican-values-in-country-music/ Mary Louisa Cappelli https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-101202423-Good.pdf This article delves into the intricate relationship between literature and mythology, exploring how C.S. Lewis skilfully intertwines mythological elements and archetypes in his classic children's book, "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe." The author examines the use of Christian symbolism, the resurrection motif, and characters inspired by traditional myths to create a timeless narrative. The essay explores the subversion of myths within the story, emphasizing the nuanced characterization of figures like the White Witch and the unexpected transformation of flawed heroes. Additionally, the article analyses the thematic implications and character development in the novel, highlighting the central themes of good vs. evil, redemption, sacrifice, heroism, and friendship. Furthermore, it discusses how Lewis subtly subverts mythological elements, challenging preconceptions and providing a fresh perspective on timeless tropes. The Narnian setting itself is examined, with its disruption of time and diverse array of magical creatures challenging conventional expectations. In conclusion, the article asserts that "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe" stands as a testament to the enduring impact of the legendary genre on fiction, showcasing Lewis's ability to transform familiar myths into a thought-provoking and timeless masterpiece. https://ijels.com/detail/literature-and-mythology-exploring-mythological-elements-and-archetypes-in-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/ Greeshma Raj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-101202426-Literature.pdf This paper aims to analyze how Dalit women are portrayed in literature in Bama's Vanmam. The current study looked specifically at how caste and gender interact in Vanmam, with an emphasis on how Dalit women are portrayed there. The second half of the 20th century saw a thriving output of Tamil-language works by Dalit writers, who are thought to have explored the writers' responses to issues related to the Dalit community's caste identity and its interaction with a gendered social matrix. The book being studied depicts a ten-year proactive involvement in Tamil literary discourse that gave rise to a fresh, lively voice that challenged literary and cultural clichés, establishing new benchmarks and novel perspectives on literary frameworks. Dalit women are depicted as continuously weeping, wailing, wishing for male protection, cursing their femininity, and lamenting their incapacity to maintain their chastity on their own. Instead of being portrayed as fighters like in Bama's novels, they are shown as victims. Dalit women are victims of sexual violence. https://ijels.com/detail/resistance-and-resilience-a-critical-study-of-bama-s-vanmam/ B. Vivilia Arivu Mani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-10220243-Resistance.pdf This paper aims to analyse how a woman belonging to a low society is abused and how she stands for herself in Usha Ganguly’s Rudali. The paper depicts specifically at how caste and poverty reflect the differences in the interaction between the high and the low sections of a society. Women belonging to lower community are depicted as continuously weeping, wailing, cursing their femininity and being responsible despite all the odds. The play written by Usha Ganguly depicts the fate of the female protagonist Sanichari, who is being harassed through harsh words and curses used by her family members due to a vague entitlement given for her name and her birth on an inauspicious day. Being cursed, abused through harsh words and completely isolated, she decides to become a Rudali (Mourner). https://ijels.com/detail/harassment-and-perseverance-for-oneself-in-usha-ganguly-s-rudali/ M. Sruthi Sriee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-10220247-Harassment.pdf In the present paper titled ‘Myths in Humanities’ I have endeavoured to trace the significance and evolution of the study of myths across the disciplines- Anthropology, Psychology and Literature .The particular emphasis is on treating myth as narratives and analyse the presence and contemporary relevance of religious and cultural themes, symbols and language especially in relation to present literary discourse.I shall use the narrative of the ‘cave of sleepers’ from various sources with an emphasis on the themes and significance given to different themes in various cultural-religious contexts, thereby revealing the socio-political facts of the past societies and compare it with the present cultural and literal themes to explore how myths reveal the working and progress of human mind and society. https://ijels.com/detail/myths-in-humanities/ Sadaf Fatima, Dr. Manish Kumar Gaurav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-101202439-Myths.pdf This study aimed to assess the attitudes, motivations and their relationship to academic performance in English among the Junior High School Students in Sulangon National High School during the school year 2022-2023.The data were obtained from 352 Grade 8, 9 and 10 students respectively in Sulangon National High School. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study. Using frequency counting and percent, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient were the statistical tools used in the study. The study found out that the respondents' perceived level of positive attitude toward English was high. The respondents' perceived level of negative attitude toward English was low. Standard deviations less than 3.0 supported a high degree of homogeneity in their responses. In addition, the respondents’ perceived level of intrinsic motivation was highly motivated and the respondents’ perceived level of extrinsic motivation was also highly motivated. Additionally, the study found out that the respondents' level of academic performance was very satisfactory, which indicated that the students of Sulangon National High School experienced moderate learning in English. Standard deviations less than 3.0 supported a high degree of homogeneity in their responses. Moreover, the study found out that the respondents’ perceived level of attitude was affected by their sex. However, the respondents’ perceived level of attitude was unaffected by their age and grade level. It was also found out that perceived level of motivation was affected by their sex, age and grade level. Furthermore, data analysis revealed a significant relationship between attitudes, motivation and students' academic performance. This indicated that attitudes and motivations were significantly related to the Junior High School students' academic performance in Sulangon National High School. Hence, it is recommended that the top officials of the Department of Education in the Schools Division of Dapitan City would provide some techniques of communicative language to enhance students’ English learning and encourage them to be optimistic about the English skills practices. https://ijels.com/detail/attitudes-motivations-and-academic-performance-in-english-among-the-junior-high-school-students-in-sulangon-national-high-school/ Stephanie A. Dajuela, James O. Baes, Leo C. Naparota https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-101202437-Attitudes.pdf This scholarly investigation, titled "Assessing the Pedagogical Efficacy of Task-Oriented Language Didactics: A Comparative Inquiry into English Proficiency Augmentation Among Bangladeshi Learners," dissects the multi-layered implications and efficacies of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in contrast to traditional pedagogical modalities within the Bangladeshi educational context. Employing a meticulous secondary source analysis, this research scrutinizes the pedagogical pluralism in TBLT and evaluates its quantitative and qualitative effectiveness, particularly focusing on English proficiency among Bangladeshi students. The study employs a rigorous methodological framework, incorporating criteria for source selection and methods for comparative analysis. The research explicates the synthesis of analyses and extrapolates both theoretical and practical implications. The task-type effectiveness in TBLT is thoroughly interrogated, providing nuanced insights into the types of tasks that significantly contribute to language acquisition. Additionally, the paper offers an in-depth contextual analysis to elucidate the cultural and educational factors that may influence the efficacy of TBLT in Bangladesh. The conclusion aggregates the key findings, delineates limitations, and furnishes recommendations for future empirical endeavors in this realm. This paper serves as a seminal work for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to comprehend the complexities and efficacies of TBLT in fostering English language proficiency in non-native speakers, particularly in a Bangladeshi milieu. https://ijels.com/detail/efficacy-and-contextual-dimensions-of-task-based-language-teaching-a-study-on-bangladeshi-learners/ Mohammad Serajuddin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-102202410-Efficacy.pdf With the global outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a heightened interest in pandemic literature and epidemic narratives, as the everyday lives of individuals undergo significant transformations in response to the arrival of such a pandemic, reflecting a growing curiosity about how literature explores and elucidates these challenging experiences. It is widely acknowledged that there has been no shortage of pandemic literature and related material in world literature, including Indian vernacular literature, available in both its original languages and translated forms, underscoring the richness and diversity of perspectives on pandemics across different literary traditions. What is particularly intriguing is that socially conscious and perceptive writers often use epidemics or pandemics as a lens through which to critically examine and delve into the intricate layers of India’s caste-based hierarchical social structure, offering a unique perspective to dissect and reflect upon the dynamics of this deeply entrenched societal framework. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine Anantha Murthy’s Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man as a pandemic narrative that brilliantly captures the vignettes of the reality of superstition-ridden society at times of crisis and emergency. The paper also endeavours to investigate how literature seeks to provide solace during moments of necessity and hardship by offering an insightful account of various events that occur during pandemics, illustrating how the portrayal of pandemics in literature often serves as a source of inspiration for humanity, highlighting the capacity of literature to offer guidance and motivation in challenging times. https://ijels.com/detail/pandemic-and-superstitions-anantha-murthy-s-samskara-as-a-testimony-to-fragile-society/ Arijit Mondal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-10220245-Pandemic.pdf This research explores the intricate relationship between social media and politics, focusing on the impact of digital media on political communication and engagement. The examined literature encompasses diverse dimensions, including the logic of connective action in contentious politics, the role of social media during uprisings, and the evolving landscape of election campaigns with platforms like Twitter. Case studies scrutinize the use of social media analytics in campaigns, shedding light on predictive modelling, personalized messaging, and ethical challenges. The study delves into the intersection of technology and democracy, emphasizing the power dynamics in play. The analysis extends to the global context, exploring online practices and the influence of social media on various movements. As a comprehensive review, this research contributes to understanding the multifaceted dynamics of social media’s influence on political processes. https://ijels.com/detail/data-and-democracy-social-media-analytics-in-political-campaign-strategies/ Suhail Ahmad Sheikh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-102202415-Dataand.pdf In modern societies, access to quality education is often considered as a fundamental right. However, disparities persist, especially for underrepresented groups such as minorities, low-income families, individuals with disabilities, and those in marginalized communities. Ensuring quality education for underrepresented groups stands as a critical endeavour in contemporary society. This abstract provides a succinct overview of the challenges faced by minorities, low-income families, individuals with disabilities, and marginalized communities in accessing equitable educational opportunities. Highlighting the pervasive disparities ingrained within educational systems, it delves into the multifaceted factors contributing to this issue, including socioeconomic constraints, cultural barriers, systemic inequalities, and implicit biases. It also emphasizes the historical context and policy implications shaping these disparities, underscoring the urgent need for intervention strategies to bridge the gap. Proposed intervention strategies encompass various approaches, including early childhood education initiatives, teacher training in culturally responsive pedagogy, community involvement, equity-focused policies, technological innovations, and social-emotional support systems. Drawing from case studies and best practices, the abstract showcases successful interventions implemented across diverse communities, emphasizing the importance of program evaluation and knowledge dissemination for effective replication and scalability. This abstract highlights the significance of collective efforts in addressing educational inequities and emphasizes the role of policymakers, educators, communities, and stakeholders in ensuring quality education for all underrepresented groups. It advocates for a holistic approach that encompasses policy reforms, resource allocation, culturally responsive practices, and community engagement to create an inclusive educational environment conducive to the academic success and well-being of every learner, regardless of their background or identity. https://ijels.com/detail/quality-education-for-underrepresented-groups-bridging-the-gap/ Dharmendra Kumar Rana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-102202417-Quality.pdf The article "The Pragmatic Functions of Honorifics in the Selected short Stories of Guy de Maupassant" is a comprehensive study that aims to understand the pragmatic functions of honorifics in Maupassant's short stories. It provides a theoretical background, explores various honorific types, linguistic representations, and their functions, and examines the relationship between honorifics and politeness. The research methodology and data analysis section outlines the research approach, providing a framework for examining the pragmatic functions of honorifics. The analysis and discussion delve into specific instances in Maupassant's short stories, contributing to a deeper understanding of linguistic and social dimensions in his work. https://ijels.com/detail/the-pragmatic-functions-of-honorifics-in-the-selected-short-stories-of-guy-de-maupassant/ Dr. Nagamurali Eragamreddy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-102202412-ThePragmatic.pdf Man is a social animal and depends on others to fulfil his needs. Hence it becomes imperative that he maintains a proper relationship with others. It is indeed true that relationships cannot be created overnight. For building a relationship, one should have qualities like kindness, adaptability, understanding, tolerance, patience, and the like. Maintaining the relationship that is built is yet another challenging task. Since literature is a reflection of human life, many literary works focus on human bonding and the need and importance of maintaining a relationship through the portrayal of various characters. Purple Hibiscus is one such novel written by the African American writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, considered one of the 100 ‘Most Influential People.’ The novel brings out various aspects of human bonding and relationship through the incidents that occur in day-to-day lives. The present paper intends to analyse the struggles faced by the characters involved in different kinds of relationship and their realising the need of connectedness in the novel, Purple Hibiscus. https://ijels.com/detail/sociological-and-psychological-traits-of-human-bonding-to-reflected-in-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-s-purple-hibiscus/ Dr. N. Ravikumar, Mr. M. Inbaraj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-102202413-Sociological.pdf The present study examines Nadia Murad's insightful memoir, providing a comprehensive examination of her dramatic transformation from the confines of captivity to the vanguard of an international campaign against sexual assault and genocide. The tale told by Murad is a poignant illustration of both the horrors carried out by the Islamic State on the Yazidi population and the tenacity of the human spirit. This study delves into the themes of identification, activism, and resilience. It illuminates how Murad's personal story goes beyond individual suffering to reflect the collective agony and unwavering strength of the Yazidis. It also explores Murad's journey from victim to activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, highlighting her contribution to drawing attention to the Yazidi massacre and promoting justice on a global scale. This discusses the intersections of gender, ethnicity, and human rights while revealing the larger significance of Murad's struggle through an analysis of her moving narrative. In the end, it is analysed as a story of bravery and survival as well as a call to action, imploring the world community to recognize and alleviate the continued suffering of the Yazidis and other persecuted minorities across the globe. https://ijels.com/detail/breaking-the-chains-nadia-murad-s-journey-from-captivity-to-crusade-in-the-last-girl-my-story-of-captivity-and-my-fight-against-the-islamic-state/ Ranjit Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-102202432-Breaking.pdf This study examines the theme of cultural navigation and the sense of belonging in Jhumpa Lahiri's novel The Namesake and Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance. Focusing on the Indian diaspora, the study meticulously explores the multifaceted dimensions of subalternity embedded in the characters' experiences of cultural displacement, identity negotiation, and socio-economic adversities. This research paper aims to elucidate the complex dynamics of belonging in a diverse and interconnected global community by conducting a comparative analysis of the many ways in which these narratives portray the journeys of people bridging many cultures. In navigating the complex fabric of two separate cultures, this paper explores the challenges, triumphs, and transformations of the protagonists. It investigates the literary techniques employed by Lahiri and Mistry to portray the psychological and emotional aspects of cultural adaptation, illuminating the characters' changing self-perceptions. It also examines how society and family dynamics shape the identities of the characters, highlighting the conflict between the desire for integration and clinging to one's traditional origins. Through a thematic analysis, this study seeks to uncover the authors' perspectives on cultural hybridity, shedding light on the broader implications for individuals striving to reconcile their heritage with the demands of contemporary life. The study also looks at how the characters' sense of place affects their sense of belonging, examining how the writers employ location as a narrative device to highlight the contrasts between cultures. This comparative approach aims to provide various insights into the ways in which Lahiri and Mistry articulate the multifaceted nature of cultural identity and how it changes over time and contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between culture, identity, and belonging in contemporary literature. https://ijels.com/detail/cultural-crossroads-and-subaltern-realities-in-diasporic-discourse-exploring-the-sense-of-belonging-in-lahiri-and-mistry-s-narratives/ Aamina Akhtar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-102202424-Cultural.pdf The Covid-19 Pandemic led to online teaching at all levels of education in Trinidad and Tobago. The teaching of all subject areas, including Grammar, had to be adjusted to suit this new educational paradigm. This study seeks to examine the pedagogical approaches to the teaching of Grammar at the primary level in Trinidad and Tobago during the Covid-19 period. The study utilized a hermeneutic phenomenological approach wherein the teachers were given an open-ended questionnaire covering aspects of teaching strategies employed during this pandemic. The findings reveal that while online teaching allowed for diverse teaching strategies, students’ over reliance on the grammatical tools made it challenging for teacher to determine whether they really grasped the concept. https://ijels.com/detail/a-phenomenological-insight-into-the-use-of-pandemic-pedagogy-in-the-primary-english-language-arts-grammar-class/ Barbara Constance, Richard Pierre https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-10220248-Aphenomenological.pdf This study looks into how Libyan students see and use computer-assisted language learning (CALL) to improve their language abilities. The study involved fifty respondents from the seventh and eighth semesters of the English Department in Applied Sciences at the College of Education in the Traghen district under Fezzan University in Libya. The study set out to investigate what factors affect students' use of CALL, how they feel and perceive it in language instruction, what benefits they see from using CALL to learn a second language, and how CALL has helped English majors become more productive and receptive communicators. According to the study, students had a favorable perception of CALL, especially when it comes to how it improves their writing, speaking, listening, reading, and vocabulary. The findings imply that CALL is an effective instrument for improving language skills. Subsequent investigations may concentrate on examining the application of CALL in diverse academic environments and its enduring impacts on language acquisition. https://ijels.com/detail/call-language-skills/ Dr. Nagamurali Eragamreddy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-102202420-CALL.pdf lobalization has led to an aggressive development in workplaces and a closer-knit planet throughout time. The delivery of an advanced level of workplace excellence has become imperative. Competition moves quickly everywhere, but it's most noticeable at work. The survival of the fittest has been advocated by numerous commercial groups, and it is both crucial and the main restriction faced by these businesses today. At this critical juncture, the question of how to maintain an advantage over competitors while keeping up with this rapid progress also emerges. According to studies, workers at businesses need to pick up skill sets outside of their domain expertise that can assist them advance in their careers. This essay explores the importance of soft skills in the workplace and often concentrates on specific soft talents that are exceedingly necessary to improve professional perspectives, such as a positive attitude, communication skills, upholding work ethics, teamwork abilities, and time management skills. https://ijels.com/detail/significance-of-soft-skills-in-career-development/ Dr. Rashmi Kaushik, Dr. Jaya Sinsinwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-102202435-Significance.pdf This article is focusing on analysing the character of Hamlet from the perspective of ‘rasa’ theory. Hamlet as character is considered a tragic one whereas his indecisiveness is considered to be one of the reasons behind his downfall. But this article highlights that Hamlet’s ‘sthayibhavas’ are the reason behind his doom. It’s not his lack of determination in taking the revenge. Instead his instinctual feeling is the main cause behind his downfall. Besides this article analyses various aspects of ‘bhavas’ as noticed in Hamlet and brings into light how these ‘bhavas’ generate various forms of rasa among the spectators and readers. https://ijels.com/detail/shakespeare-s-hamlet-from-the-perspective-of-the-theory-of-rasa/ Dr. Suman Acharjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-101202434-Shakespeare.pdf This present paper attempts to analyse Indira Goswami’s novel, The Man from Chinnamasta from the ecofeminist perspectives showcasing the position of women in an orthodox patriarchal society, and years old saga of animal sacrifice in the name of culture and religion in the Kamakhya temple. From the viewpoint of ecofeminism, the play illustrates the feminist struggles against oppression, environmental destruction, and patriarchy. It emphasises on the interconnecting issues pertaining to the oppression of women and animals. The novel depicts about Chinnamasta Jatadhari, who along with Ratnadhar, an performer and his follower struggle to put an end to animal sacrifice by meeting sufficient marks in favour of the reason to present to the British authorities. The author also depicts her female characters as strong ones who voice their opinion in a firm manner. https://ijels.com/detail/a-critical-study-of-indira-goswami-s-novel-the-man-from-chinnamasta-from-the-perspective-of-ecofeminism/ Parul Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-102202436-ACritical.pdf This study aims to examine the authoritarian discourse embodied in political advertisements, focusing on the dissemination of hatred and attacks on opponents. We aim to understand the use of advertising as a resource that provides a space for the clash of imaginary formations and the effects of meaning that these clashes promote. This research is anchored in the theoretical proposal of materialist discourse analysis, focusing on the notions of imaginary formation (Pêcheux, 2014a and 2014b); (Orlandi, 2015) and authoritarian discourse (Orlandi, 2011), in addition to the concepts of culture industry (Adorno & Horkheimer, 1985), imaginary superindustry (Bucci, 2021) and excited society (Türcke, 2010). The adopted methodology is qualitative and part of an interpretive and reflective process in which the corpus of analysis consists of discourses that circulate on social media through advertisements that construct controlled symbolic representations. The analyses reveal that a dispute scenario that undermines mediations has arisen in Brazil, establishing a process of the interdiction of the other in the constitution of subjectivities and resulting in symbolic violence of the order of the imaginary. https://ijels.com/detail/symbolic-representations-in-dispute-the-hate-speech-in-brazilian-political-advertising/ Amanda Batista da Silva, Márcia Fonseca de Amorim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-102202430-Symbolic.pdf The portrayal of women in Indian English novels is a complicated and changing component of literature that has changed with time. It is critical to remember that Indian English literature is immensely diverse and that women are not portrayed uniformly throughout. The portrayal of women in Indian English literature does share certain common themes. The portrayal of women frequently reflects India’s immense cultural diversity. The depiction of female characters varies depending on the cultures, groups and customs present. Traditional roles for women in the novels of Manohar Malgonkar include wives; mothers and daughters frequently take on the role of carers and are required to respect traditional family and social norms. Women characters were neglected and men played an important role in his novels. The present study will concentrate on comprehensive portrayal of man-woman relationship in his selected novels. It also depicts the characterization of women in his selected novels. https://ijels.com/detail/women-identity-the-study-of-characterization-of-women-in-the-select-works-of-manohar-malgonkar/ P. Nagarjuna, Dr. K. Rekha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-102202427-Women.pdf Dalit Literature is one of the specific literatures where works are written to bring out the world of the downtrodden. It has become authentic when the writers belong to the same sector record the reality. Bama is one among the writer in Tamil Literature who has written her autobiographical novel Karruku meaning palmyra leaves with serrated edges. The title symbolically represents the condition of the people of her society. The wok is the indication of the injustice done to the many downtrodden communities of the south India. This work is a mirror of the society from Bama’s view and experience. She picturizes the inhuman treatment of the upper caste and dedicated her life to bring in justice to her community. This article highlights the mental affliction of Bama in Karrukku that discloses the state of the victimized people. https://ijels.com/detail/an-insight-into-the-mental-affliction-of-a-woman-from-a-downtrodden-society-with-reference-to-bama-s-karukku/ Dr. K. Mahalakshmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-102202426-AnInsight.pdf A western heteronormative society hints at its homophobia in diverse manners, but one of the most ubiquitous internalized notions is that of disgust and rejection. This sort of biased sexism fuels the gradual accretion of suicidal rates among LGBTQ youths. Generating homophobic discourses is one of the ways through which a hetero-patriarchal society demonstrates and maintains its power and oppression against sexual minorities and gender subalterns. Hetero-gender-based violence against women and homosexuals is also not uncommon in any society. Thus, the present paper aims to explore the manifestations of homophobia and hetero-patriarchal oppression against homosexuals and women in Tennessee William’s play, A Streetcar Named Desire. By delving into the principles of Gender Studies and Queer theories, this paper seeks to investigate the role of compulsory heterosexual and patriarchal norms in the lives of Allan, Blanche, and Stella in victimizing and silencing them violently. https://ijels.com/detail/i-saw-i-know-you-disgust-me-manifestation-of-homophobia-and-patriarchal-oppression-in-tennessee-williams-s-play-a-streetcar-named-desire/ Ananya Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-102202442-Isaw.pdf Man with a Plan, starring Golden Globe winner Matt LeBlanc, is a distinct representative of American sitcoms. The language in the play is close to real life and extremely humorous. There are a large number of conversational fragments in all kinds of situations that defy the maxim of the cooperative principle and create unexpected humorous effects. This paper attempts to adopt the cooperative principle theory of Grice to analyze the speech phenomenon that violates the cooperative principle in the dramas and figure out the production mechanism of verbal humor and its particularized conversational implicature from the quantity, quality, relation and manner maxims respectively. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-verbal-humor-in-man-with-a-plan-from-the-perspective-of-cooperative-principle/ Jingjing Chen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-102202437-AStudy.pdf The Partition of 1947 can be regarded as the culmination of a long-drawn-out battle of competing ideologies which grappled with each other amidst the hegemonic presence of a colonial power. Through an analysis of Bhisham Sahni’s literary narrative Tamas, this paper seeks to analyze the representation of contesting concepts of nationalism and nationhood which rose against the backdrop of chaos, suspicion and violence. It also attempts to underscore how Sahni’s novel, through the use of irony and humour, resists the glorification of such nationalisms—whether secular or religious—which are otherwise painted with hues of grandeur in dominant discourses. In doing so, it can be said that Tamas emerges as a counter narrative radically critiquing the ways in which notions of nation and nationalism came to be constructed/imagined in dominant narratives. It questions the monolithic as well homogenizing tendencies involved in the creation of nation-states and, as a consequence, emerges as a text offering a significant discourse on power, equality, nation, and nationalism. https://ijels.com/detail/contesting-concepts-of-nation-and-nationalism-in-bhisham-sahni-s-tamas-2001/ Dr Saman Ashfaq https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-102202425-Contesting.pdf The paper incorporates Children’s Literature as a theoretical framework to study the innocent, imaginative, and inquisitive worlds of children. To achieve this goal, the researcher focuses on poems about childhood from two of the most celebrated writers of their respective nations, Walt Whitman (1819-1892) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938). The paper is a study of textual and comparative analysis of the images of childhood as depicted in their works. Comparing the two writers of varied times and cultural backgrounds, the present study delves into an analysis of childhood as portrayed in their poetic works, Leaves of Grass (1855-1892) and The Call of the Marching Bell (1924), respectively. It strives to establish a relationship that despite their disparities, the innocence and curious nature of children remain the same. It also attempts to reveal the age-old values passed down through these timeless works. Literature connects readers surpassing linguistic and geographical barriers. By delving deep into Children's Literature as a field of study, readers share the collective experience of imagination and astonishment. It provides young readers with a vast vocabulary and unlocks the door to boundless imagination. Through this paper, it is emphasized that the innocence of children often leaves adult readers awestruck as they pose insightful questions that solve life's mysteries that elude us as grown-ups. The values, morals, and habits that children cherish and inherit long grown out of practice are to be talked about as how they impact the thinking of adults. The insights of this paper may contribute to the fields of Comparative Literature, Children’s Literature, and Cultural Studies in the global context. https://ijels.com/detail/poetic-perceptions-of-childhood-insights-from-select-works-of-walt-whitman-and-muhammad-iqbal/ Sidra Sohaib, Prof. Sami Rafiq https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-102202431-Poetic.pdf The article explores the magic of Guru Dutt’s cinematography with attention to the movie Pyaasa and delves in the details of its subjectivity. The existence of a timeless piece of art and the creative manifestation of an exemplary director finds home in the hearts of millions of people transcending generations to inspire as well as evoke the emotions of inevitability of life. Through the vivid lens of Guru Dutt’s expertise, the author intends to navigate his world and his intentions. https://ijels.com/detail/cinema-through-guru-dutt-s-gaze/ Tamanna https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-102202449-Cinema.pdf The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India casts its attention on establishing the interconnection between languages and the medium of instruction for teaching and learning. The present essay is going to deal with the role of languages in NEP – 2020 and figure out its recommendations to be imparted in the areas of medium of instruction, classical languages, foreign languages, and Indian Sign Language. The article underlines the factors that can either be proved positive or not by a concern on how NEP revised language related proposals can be implemented now through a review of existing literature and policy documents. The study demonstrates the emphasis that this policy places on mother tongue-based multilingual education in the early pedagogical years. As well, it encourages the usage of English language and other languages. The NEP as a policy of the language seeks for celebration of the linguistic diversity of India, improved lecturing outcomes and equips the students with the necessary and requisite necessary to perform in the 21st century; eventuality calls for the logical problem solving that involves teacher training and resource development. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India is at the very core a paradigm shifts in the country's education framework with a focus placed in multilingualism promotion. This article delves into the NEP 2020 main details anchored in multilingualism, including the "3-language formula", the mother tongue as the medium of instruction, and the promotion of both classical and regional languages. The literature review focuses on the existing studies which are addressing the multilingual education’s advantages and drawbacks. A part of the discussion and analysis chapter will focus on possible both positive and negative influence of the NEP 2020 on India’s language diversity, education, and social coherence. The final section of the article re-emphasizes on the effectiveness of the implementation process and follow-up procedure to ensure that the multilingual approach under NEP 2020 will have successful outcomes. https://ijels.com/detail/national-education-policy-2020-and-multilingualism-in-india/ Sunil K Mishra, Parul Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-10202457-National.pdf This paper deals with an important as well as a controversial novel the Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. Conrad had suffered in his early lifetime from the imperialism of Russa to Ukraine his native homeland. Thus, the novel is an outcome of the collaboration of different life experiences especially his journey to the Congo. He developed a disease from Africa which forced him to stay home for some time, so he started writing and became one of the modern novelists. The Heart of Darkness is the most important of Joseph Conrad's novels as he commented before the Congo he was just a mere animal. The novel reflects Conrad's long journey into the self. This paper also explains how Conrad was accused of being an imperialist and a racist due to different factors which were discussed in this study. Some critics defended Conrad but others criticized his schemes of dealing with the topic of colonialism, severely. https://ijels.com/detail/imperialism-in-joseph-conrad-s-heart-of-darkness/ Maha Samih Alanbagi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-10202487-Imperialism.pdf The term ‘Marginalization’ often refers to the overt behaviour of human communities, wherein individuals or certain groups are excluded or marginalized systematically in varied ways. In many of her works, Shashi Deshpande who is a contemporary Indo-English novelist has presented the plight of middle- class women who oscillate between traditional and modern roles. Shashi Deshpande’s Small Remedies (2000) sketches a well-documented record of struggle and success, fight and frustration of her women characters particularly the female protagonist. Subjugation and suppression, as the novel depicts, has been the destiny of women. The present study explores the multifaceted ways in which women strive to battle for autonomy, self-identity, and to secure a voice of their own. https://ijels.com/detail/exploration-of-small-remedies-to-marginalization-of-women-in-shashi-deshpande-s-small-remedies/ Dr. Bulbul Gupta, Anil Kumar Shabharwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-10202494-Exploration.pdf This paper argues that Kamala Markandaya’s novel Nectar in a Sieve (1954) reimagines the mother–daughter bond as a dynamic site of suffering, silent resistance, and generational evolution, articulated through the experiences of Rukmini and Ira. Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve has been approached as a novel of agrarian suffering, colonial modernity, and feminine endurance. While such readings remain central to its critical reception, they frequently overlook the intimate emotional relationships through which the novel articulates its ethical vision. This paper focuses on the mother–daughter relationship between Rukmani and Irawaddy (Ira), arguing that this bond constitutes a crucial feminist and moral centre of the text. Drawing on feminist ethics of care and postcolonial feminist thought, the study suggests that Markandaya reimagines motherhood not as a biological construction or social institution but as an ethical practice sustained through compassion, restraint, and relational responsibility. Through Rukmani’s unwavering acceptance of Ira in moments marked by infertility, abandonment, and sexual stigma, the novel resists patriarchal frameworks that evaluate women primarily through reproductive capacity and sexual purity. The paper explores that the mother–daughter bond operates as a quiet yet enduring form of feminist resistance within conditions of material scarcity and social judgment. https://ijels.com/detail/reimagining-the-mother-daughter-bond-in-kamala-markandeya-s-nectar-in-a-sieve/ Shampa Mondal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-10202499-Reimagining.pdf