https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usAugust 10 J. R. R. Tolkien, the author of The Lord of the Rings, made his unique concept of language as the cornerstone of his academic thought and literary creation. He created an immortal epic legend, brought readers a sense of reality and created an awesome mythological system for Britain. However, he was often criticized for his lack of academic contributions. Combining the development and reasons of linguistics in the 20th century, this paper discusses Tolkien’s linguistic aesthetics, making a brief analysis of their academic significance, and demonstrates Tolkien’s efforts to save philology under the backdrop of structuralism. https://ijels.com/detail/science-and-romance-philology-s-marginalization-under-the-trend-of-structural-linguistics-in-the-20th-century-the-case-of-j-r-r-tolkien/ Wu Linman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-106202443-Scienceand.pdf In a time where women were expected to abide all the rules that been put by men (the cult of true womanhood, a model was constructed by the white male patriarch), such model during the 19th century, it shaped and made women considerable. So, many women fought for their rights. Jacobs account challenges the cult of true womanhood qualities of purity, piety, domesticity, and submissiveness. Even though Incidents in the Life of a Slave girl is considered to be as an account of the brutalities and the atrocities that happened to slaves, especially women; however, the account reveals the opposite. It shows that such atrocities are in the favor of the slaves. These atrocities made the main character powerful and maintained her identity against all the odds. Also, because of the brutality that happened to her; it made her escape for her freedom. In this research paper, I will attempt to show how oppressing women lead them to agency and make them powerful by defying the patriarchal society they live in. Also, I will show how they challenge the cult of true womanhood, a term that was described by Barbara Welter in 1966 which consisted of four ideals, namely, piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. According to Welter, “put them all together and they spelled mother, daughter, sister, wife—woman. Without them, no matter whether there was fame, achievement or wealth, all was ashes” (152). These ideals were not just objectives to aim for; however, they are elements of womanhood. Being a true woman was a serious responsibility, it was planted in young girls’ minds since their upbringing. I other words, I will show that none of the women mentioned in the narrative, white or black, have met the standards of the true cult of womanhood and how Jacobs’ memoir is used as a tool for her to express her voice and feelings. https://ijels.com/detail/the-cult-of-true-womanhood-in-harriet-jacobs-narrative-incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/ Maisar Khattab https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-106202454-TheCult.pdf This paper delves into the intricate relationship between feminism and Marxism, exploring how Marxist theory provides a critical lens to understand and address gender oppression. By examining key intersections between feminist and Marxist ideologies, the study highlights the ways in which class struggle and gender inequality are intertwined. Historical and contemporary feminist movements are analyzed through a Marxist perspective, revealing how economic structures and capitalist exploitation contribute to the subjugation of women. The analysis includes a review of seminal works by Marxist feminists, discussions on the role of labor and reproductive work, and critiques of capitalism's impact on gender roles. Additionally, the paper considers the contributions of notable feminist theorists who have incorporated Marxist principles into their advocacy for women's rights. The findings underscore the importance of a unified struggle against both class and gender oppression, advocating for a holistic approach to achieving social justice and gender equality. Through this exploration, the paper aims to provide insights into the potential for a synergistic relationship between feminist and Marxist theories in the pursuit of a more equitable society. https://ijels.com/detail/feminism-through-a-marxist-lens-intersections-and-insights/ Bolla Madhavi, Konda Nageswar Rao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-106202456-Feminism.pdf The issue considered in this article is the problem of translating English vernacular into Russian, using examples of the works of English writers, particularly Jerome David Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”. Even in the recent past, vernacular very often remained unreproduced in a literary text. However, scientists - linguists and translators have begun to attach great importance to this aspect of translation, therefore, over the past few years, there has been a clear shift in this regard in the translation of fiction. https://ijels.com/detail/translation-of-english-vernacular-into-russian/ Farida Ismailova https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10720243-Translation.pdf This study uses a quantitative research method, data will be collected via survey questionnaire to gain insights into current tourist satisfaction levels. Surveys will provide quantitative data on the level of satisfaction of tourists in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. To analyze, the researchers used the percentage, frequency, and mean to determine the Assessment through 5A’s of Tourism in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Tourism Development Plan, to analyze the survey answers. In this instance, the population is interpreted as all the tourists from Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. The researcher uses a simple random sampling method that limits the huge population for the process. Regarding its findings in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, in terms of attractions, activities, amenities, accessibilities, and accommodation, to ensure the good satisfaction of respondents, they are “very satisfied" about their experience as a tourist in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. Amenities ranked number one among the 5A’s of tourism wherein Activity were the lowest in ranking. Based on the findings, when it comes to the attractions, it is well-maintained, clean, and appealing. While when it comes to amenities, the availability of Wi-Fi and other technological amenities met their needs. In addition, when it comes to accommodation, most of the respondents answered that the accommodation met their expectations in terms of cleanliness and comfort and the staff in the accommodation were friendly and helpful. While in activities, most of the respondents answered that the range of activities available met their interests and expectations, the quality of the activities was high and provided a good experience with the activities that were offered. Furthermore, when it comes to accessibility, most of the respondents answered that the directions and signage to and within the destination were clear, helpful and transportation options available made it easy to get to and around the destination. In general, Cuyapo has something as a tourist attraction, with its quiet boasts of hills and mountains that offer stunning views for locals and tourists. Nevertheless, the tourist destination might need to enhance its facilities to attract more tourists while promoting environmentally friendly tourism. https://ijels.com/detail/assessment-through-5a-s-of-tourism-in-cuyapo-nueva-ecija-a-basis-for-tourism-development-plan/ Rachel Jennifer Z. Velasquez, Mark Alvin Abad, Curleen Leign C. Balagtas, Mary Ann Corpuz, Abigail Fernando, Dominick Flores, Nelaine Antonette D. Manabat, Aicie V. Pacheco https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-106202455-Assessment.pdf Previous studies have demonstrated that educational media delivered via TED Talks effectively stimulates students’ interest and improves English listening skills. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of incorporating TED Talks as authentic materials on English listening skills of eleventh-grade students at a high school in Ho Chi Minh City. The study also explores students’ perceptions of the use of TED Talks to improve listening skills. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, including pre-and post-tests, the questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews with the participation of 80 eleventh-grade students divided into experimental and control groups. The findings revealed that TED Talks improve students’ English listening skills, and that most students perceived TED Talks as beneficial for enhancing listening skills. However, challenges associated with learning listening from TED Talks were also acknowledged. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications and recommendations are offered for teachers and students to optimize the integration of TED Talks in English listening practice. https://ijels.com/detail/using-ted-talks-as-authentic-materials-to-enhance-high-school-students-english-listening-skills/ Tran Ho Thu Thuy, Le Van Tuyen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-106202451-UsingTED.pdf The quantitative research, titled ‘Pantabangan Nueva Ecija Tourism Destination: An Analysis,' provides a precise analysis of Pantabangan as a tourism destination. This study focused on attractions, facilities, and the role of the local community, informing strategic planning and policies for sustainable tourism practices. Data were obtained from 405 individuals, tourists who visited Pantabangan in 2019 and 2023, using the Purposive Sampling Technique. A Likert scale was employed to understand tourism destination attitudes, perceptions, and views in Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija. Most respondents were young adults (18–24 years old) and single. They appreciated Pantabangan's facilities, accommodations, and cleanliness. However, improved transport and accessibility were identified as needed enhancements for the tourist experience. Resolving such challenges might increase opportunities for Pantabangan tourism and encourage repeat visits. Visitors used social media to learn about Pantabangan's natural beauty. Family-friendly tourism was essential, as tourists often traveled together. Short-term stays required quick access to sights and activities. Pantabangan's atmosphere, warmth, navigation, amenities, and unexpected activities delighted tourists. Despite transportation and accessibility challenges, Pantabangan attracted most tourists, demonstrating its sustainability. Age influenced travel choices, and occupation impacted tourist destination knowledge. https://ijels.com/detail/pantabangan-nueva-ecija-tourism-destination-an-analysis/ Josiene Antoinette V. Aclan, Franclen A. Adrineda, Golda Thenia DC. Aquilizan, Jennyvie P. Casidar, Ciarra Lou E. De Guzman, Raymark P. Marcelo, Jonas Emmanuel C. Navarro, Mark Alvin H. Abad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-106202445-Pantabangan.pdf This paper examines the performative dimensions of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's seminal March 7, 1971, speech through the lenses of Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis and Richard Schechner’s performance theory. By deconstructing the speech’s gestural rhetoric, vocal dynamics, and audience engagement, this study elucidates how Bangabandhu's oratory transcended mere political discourse to become a potent act of political theatre. The analysis reveals that through strategic use of gestures, pauses, and direct interaction with the audience, Bangabandhu not only conveyed his message with compelling clarity but also fostered a robust communal identity and mobilized collective action. The symbolic and ritualistic elements embedded within the speech further underscore its transformative impact on the Bengali liberation movement. This scholarly exploration offers valuable insights into the intersection of performance and politics, highlighting the enduring relevance of performative strategies in contemporary political oratory. The practical implications of this study extend to enhancing the efficacy of political communication and leadership in mobilizing societal change. https://ijels.com/detail/oratory-as-political-theatre-performative-dynamics-in-bangabandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-s-march-7-1971-speech/ Sumon Sikder, Mohammad Rahmatullah, Mohammad Jashim Uddin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-106202462-Oratory.pdf As a typical multimodal discourse, a video can construct its meaning through various modalities, such as image, sound, action, and language. From the perspective of systemic functional grammar, taking the visual grammar of Kress & van Leeuwen as the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the multimodal video “Union Is Strength” from the representational meaning, interactional meaning and compositional meaning, and discusses the meaning construction of the multimodality such as image and speech. The study has found that the video constructs union is strength in a variety of narrative ways, and union can realize the theme significance of the weak winning over the strong. https://ijels.com/detail/multimodal-discourse-analysis-of-union-is-strength-from-the-perspective-of-visual-grammar/ Huaming Cheng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-10720247-Multimodal.pdf This paper employs a literary analysis framework, drawing upon archetypal criticism, psychoanalytic theory, and cultural studies, to explore the portrayal of the scapegoat hero archetype in Akhil Sharma's novel ‘Family Life’. The qualitative research approach of this work, examines the protagonist's interactions within the family dynamics, themes of guilt and redemption, and the influence of cultural and societal factors. Further the research also explores the parallels between traditional scapegoat figures in literature and the portrayal of scapegoat hero of contemporary individuals in Akhil Sharma’s ‘Family Life’. This paper illuminates Sharma's nuanced portrayal of guilt, sacrifice, and the quest for identity within the immigrant family. Furthermore, by contextualizing the novel within the present era, this study underscores the enduring relevance of Sharma's exploration of these themes. And ultimately contributes to our understanding by offering insights into the complexities of portrayal of the scapegoat hero archetype influenced by immigrant experiences and the dynamics of family life. https://ijels.com/detail/unveiling-the-scapegoat-an-analysis-of-the-hero-archetype-in-akhil-sharma-s-family-life/ G. Hannah, P. Kusuma Harinath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-10720242-Unveiling.pdf Pride and Prejudice, a classic novel by Jane Austen, portrays the social and linguistic differences in the speech of men and women in 19th Century England. This paper attempts to explore how language is used as a tool for representation of gender identity, social standing and power dynamics within the characters in the novel. This exploration is done by closely examining conversations and interactions among characters. It studies the differences between the ways the male and female characters use language to navigate their relationships, assert power and deal with social expectations. The syntactic structures, the choice of words, politeness strategies and speech acts are examined to study the interplay between language and gender that Austen brings out in her famed novel. The speech patterns are also involved in studying the gendered expectations and the societal norms, and how they are affected by speech. The paper contributes to the deeper understanding of the use of language based on gender differences and sheds light on the complexities of gender performance and expressions within the Regency-era English society. It gives the readers an insight into the way the author’s portrayal of speech reflects the gender dynamics throughout the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/analysing-speech-in-jane-austen-s-pride-and-prejudice-based-on-gender/ V. Prashanthi, Dr. Aruna Kumar Behera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-107202412-Analysing.pdf This study investigated the digital literacy skills and autonomy among EFL students at normal schools in China. Using adapted questionnaires distributed to 405 participants, data were analyzed via Weighted Mean, Ranking, Regression Analysis, and ANOVA. The study revealed that students exhibited strong digital literacy, information sourcing, and analysis skills, with high autonomy in language learning. However, they struggled with proficiency analysis and synthesizing learning strategies, indicating a need for interventions. The findings underscore the importance of programmatic interventions tailored to student profiles. Autonomy is crucial in enhancing digital literacy, suggesting an integrated curriculum to bolster these skills among normal school students in China. https://ijels.com/detail/efl-digital-literacy-skills-and-autonomy-among-normal-school-stuvdents-in-china/ Zhu Ying https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-107202421-EFL.pdf Vachana literature has a very special place in Kannada literary heritage. Unique literature consisting of verse prose, verse. The scriptures contain all the things needed for a pure life like religion, ethics, philosophy, spirituality, society, science, psychology, politics. What is not in the verses may seem more meaningful than what is there. It is no exaggeration that more ideas are contained here than the principles in the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and other religious texts.The words of the 12th century sharanare about the greatness of vachanas are a mirror of reality. https://ijels.com/detail/significance-of-vachanas/ Vijaya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-107202425-Significance.pdf The aim of the study is to critically examine the human-nature relationship in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things so as to elicit a new awareness from the readers regarding the significance of the relationship. The primary source of information is the text The God of Small Things. Internet is the source for secondary sources and scholarly articles. The current literature forms the basis for qualitative research. The examination of the relationship between people and environment in this paper raises readers' awareness of the need of fostering that relationship in order to improve the environment and promote harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. https://ijels.com/detail/the-human-nature-relationship-in-arundhati-roy-s-the-god-of-small-things/ Reena Ranjith, Dr Manjula K. T. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-107202424-TheHuman.pdf Mirabai is a household name for all the devotees of Lord Krishna across Bharat. Her name has become synonymous with devotion and rebellion. Mira transcends time as a pivotal figure in Indian history and spirituality. This research paper delves into the life of this enigmatic saint-poet, exploring the key events that shaped her legacy. After discussing Mirabai's renunciation this paper will examine her unwavering dedication to Lord Krishna, a love that defied societal expectations placed upon a Rajput princess. This absolute devotion to Lord Krishna led her to embrace a life of piety and austerity in great contrast to the royal life she had inherited, being born a princess. The paper will also shed light on Mirabai's meeting with the revered saint Raidas. This meeting is believed to have significantly influenced her bhakti (devotional) path and challenged the rigid caste system of the times. This paper also aims to explore Mirabai's rebellious nature. Her unconventional expressions of devotion, including singing and dancing in public, clashed with the conservative Rajput court. This defiance will be analyzed in the context of the prevailing social norms and her unwavering commitment to Krishna. The research paper will not shy away from discussing the persecution Mirabai faced. We will delve into the conflicts that arose due to her unconventional practices and beliefs. This section will explore the challenges she endured and how she navigated them. Finally, the paper will culminate in examining Mirabai's ultimate triumph. Despite persecution, Mirabai's devotion remained unshakeable. We will explore how she is revered as one of the greatest devotees of Lord Krishna (Shyam) and how her legacy continues to inspire generations through her powerful poetry and unwavering faith. https://ijels.com/detail/mirabai-the-renunciation-the-rebellion-and-the-sainthood/ Vivek Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-107202426-Mirabai.pdf This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Asset-based teaching approach in increasing the reading comprehension of graduating senior high students from TVL and HUMSS strands during the School’s District Reading Remediation Reading(SDRRP) at Bulacao National High School, to find out whether, after the intervention program given to them,they were able to apply any of these Asset-based strategies to their reading processes. The data were collected from questionnaires and reading tasks. The statistical techniques used were the mean value and standard deviation. The analysis of quantitative data were lifted from the results of Pre-test and Post-test assessments of the participants and the Teacher-Made Feedback tool adapting the 3-Likert Scale. The findings were that Asset-based teaching approach had a positive effect on the students’ reading proficiency. The students had favorable responses toward the Asset-based reading strategies utilized in skimming, scanning, making predictions and questioning and they could apply these strategies to their reading processes and they helped them to comprehend the text better. https://ijels.com/detail/effectiveness-of-asset-based-teaching-approach-in-enhancing-the-reading-proficiency-of-senior-high-learners/ Mayet C. Delgado, Leviticus M. Barazon Jr. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-10720244-Effectiveness.pdf Ralph Ellison’s highly acclaimed novel, ‘Invisible Man’, is a compelling narrative that explores the themes of identity and marginalisation within a deeply polarised society. This literary research paper delves into the intricacies of identity development using postcolonial theory and examines the socio-political consequences of invisibility by conducting a thorough analysis of the protagonist’s journey. Through an analysis of the novel’s socio-cultural perspectives, I explore the process of identity formation as the protagonist, known as the ‘Invisible Man,’ navigates a society that is divided along racial and political lines. The Protagonist’s encounters with deceitful figures of authority, along with his disillusionment within the Brotherhood, expose the manipulation and exploitation that marginalised individuals endure in power structures. This study investigates the mechanisms through which African-Americans experience the dehumanisation of Negroes, which is perpetuated by stereotypes, structural racism, and segregation. Ultimately, this study affirms the significance of ‘Invisible Man’ in ongoing conversations regarding race, identity, and marginalisation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-visibility-of-racism-a-critical-exploration-of-marginalization-and-identity-in-ralph-ellison-s-invisible-man/ Sonika Sheoran https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-107202418-TheVisibility.pdf This paper explores the enduring impacts of systemic discrimination, drawing parallels between Virginia Woolf’s portrayal of sexism and the pervasive racism affecting African American communities in the United States. Despite the emancipation of slaves and the awarding of citizenship to African Americans post-Civil War, institutionalized racism through Jim Crow laws has perpetuated significant socioeconomic barriers. This discrimination parallels Woolf’s analysis of sexism in "A Room of One’s Own," where she asserts that financial and educational exclusion hinders women’s intellectual and creative potential. Woolf’s critique of the systemic impoverishment of women is mirrored in the racial wealth gap experienced by African Americans, which severely limits their access to higher education and economic advancement. Historical and contemporary examples illustrate how entrenched biases in policy and society maintain these disparities. The paper argues for addressing the root causes of these inequities by ensuring equitable access to resources and opportunities, akin to Woolf’s metaphorical "room of one’s own," to enable true socioeconomic progress for African Americans. https://ijels.com/detail/parallels-of-inequity-analyzing-systemic-discrimination-in-virginia-woolf-s-work-and-contemporary-racial-disparities-in-america/ Aishwarya Ramasubramanian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-107202429-Parallels.pdf Oryx and Crake is Margaret Atwood’s most influential work, focusing on the current trends and extrapolates them to explore what the future might look like. I consider the heavy use of science in the novel, as a clear genre marker of science fiction. The speculative fiction deals with transgenic biotechnology and scientific innovations that run amuck throughout the novel. The representation of genetically engineered animals as a commodity for human consumption, or a creation of a whole human race genetically modified for a better future, altogether challenges the existing dichotomies. The understanding of genetically engineered animals and human requires the redefinition of humans and animals. Along the line, the paper will analyse the capitalistic agenda behind growing technology and the way it is perceived. https://ijels.com/detail/a-hybrid-world-genetic-engineering-in-margaret-atwood-s-oryx-and-crake/ Navjot Kaur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-107202423-AHybrid.pdf T. S. Eliot in his most acclaimed work ‘The Hollow Men’ very rightly mentioned that “This is the way the world ends, Not with the bang but with the whimper” , the slow and gradual crumbling of the universe is what the characters covered within the ambit of this paper experiences. The two characters i.e Tomas from Milan Kundera’s chef d’ oeuvre, ‘The Unbearable lightness of being’ and Blanche Du Bois from Tennessee Williams masterpiece ‘A streetcar named Desire’ have one thing in common that both of them were challenging the existing normative behavioral pattern and was trying to make things seem content in the disillusioned universe. Both Tomas and Blanche can be seen as portraying the image of the disillusioned modern men/women lost in the realm of something in between the unstable private or personal and the hostile Public realms. Amidst the upheavals and turmoil Kundera’s protagonist was searching for the meaning of the ‘self’ and on the other side Blanche was assertive towards her feminine sensibility. This research work will attempt a psychoanalytic study of the progression of the characters and will attempt an analysis that how their assertive ‘self’ suffered a tragic end. This paper will further discuss the ‘Oedipus’ like fate of Tomas arising due to his ill judgments and the development of Masculinity complex in Blanche Du Bois while highlighting the interplay of Animus leading to her tragic fate. https://ijels.com/detail/the-tragic-me-the-psychoanalytical-study-of-traumatic-psyche-of-tomas-the-male-protagonist-of-milan-kundera-s-the-unbearable-lightness-of-being-and-blanche-du-bois-the-female-protagonist-of-tennessee-williams-a-streetcar-named-desire/ Pankhuri Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-10720248-TheTragic.pdf This research paper explores the literary responses to the Civil Rights Movement, focusing on both African American and white American literature. It begins by providing a historical context, highlighting key events and figures, and the socio-political climate of the era that influenced literary production. Prominent African American works, such as Richard Wright's "Native Son" and James Baldwin's "The Fire Next Time," are analysed for their thematic focus on identity, racism, and empowerment. These works are contrasted with white American literature, including Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" and Alex Haley's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X," which often address themes of guilt, complicity, and allyship. A comparative analysis reveals distinct thematic and narrative approaches between the two literary traditions. African American literature tends to foreground direct experiences of racial oppression and the quest for justice, while white American literature frequently explores the moral responsibilities and roles of white individuals in combating racism. The paper also examines the enduring relevance of these literary works, their influence on subsequent generations of writers and activists, and their reflections on the progress and ongoing challenges in the fight for racial equality. It underscores the importance of literature as a tool for social change and a means of documenting and understanding the complexities of the Civil Rights Movement. https://ijels.com/detail/literary-responses-to-the-civil-rights-movement-a-comparative-study/ Faiza Farhat Mohammad Mustafa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-107202410-Literary.pdf Fakir Mohan Senapati's novel "Six Acres and a Third" intricately weaves together themes of peasantry and ecology, offering a profound exploration of the complex relationship between rural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Set in colonial India, the novel delves into the plight of peasant communities grappling with land dispossession, exploitation, and environmental degradation. Through vivid character portrayals and compelling narratives, Senapati sheds light on the multifaceted challenges faced by peasants as they navigate the ecological complexities of agrarian life. Central to the novel is the concept of "Six Acres and a Third," symbolizing the meagre landholding of the protagonist, Ramachandra, and by extension, the broader struggles of rural peasants. Senapati skilfully intertwines themes of land rights, agrarian reform, and ecological stewardship, emphasizing the inseparable link between peasant empowerment and environmental justice. The novel underscores the invaluable role of peasants as custodians of the land, drawing attention to their traditional knowledge and sustainable farming practices. Through its depiction of peasant resistance and resilience, "Six Acres and a Third" challenges dominant narratives of progress and development, highlighting the destructive consequences of exploitative land policies and industrialization. Senapati's narrative serves as a poignant critique of colonialism and capitalist expansion, while also offering insights into the enduring struggles for land rights and environmental sustainability in contemporary contexts., https://ijels.com/detail/peasantry-and-ecology-in-fakir-mohan-senapati-s-six-acres-and-a-third/ Dr. T. Eswar Rao, Dr. B. Venkataramana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-107202436-Peasantry.pdf Militancy or insurgency affects all age groups- the old and the young in the same manner. In fact, violence associated with militancy can wreck the young psyche a lot. One can say that the younger generation is more vulnerable to the violence and terrors associated with wars and terrorism than the experienced. In certain parts of the world there are regions which are notorious for insurgency which takes place there. In India, Kashmir- hailed as ‘Paradise on Earth’ is one such region where war has been waged throughout history. Most often people speak of the lost beauty of Kashmir and the effects of the war on the people of Kashmir at large. But one tends to overlook the harmful impact of wars on young minds and the women. Paro Anand has given vent to the agony and fright in the minds of the children in the Kashmir valley, especially during the time of the recent Kargil war. The young minds are least bothered about the political and social ideology behind a war or a terrorist attack. This paper is an attempt to investigate Paro Anand’s works, coming under the genre of children’s fiction, especially her novels No Guns At My Son’s Funeral and Weed to analyse the plight of the young generations of Kashmir. It would also explore how the power structures within the family shifts once the man in the family leaves home to join terrorist outfits. It is also an attempt to study about the militant power; how it lures the youth with its ideologies, and the power wielded by the armed forces, and the way in which it affects the common people residing in the valley. https://ijels.com/detail/power-of-insurgency-effect-on-women-and-children/ Namratha Manoharan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-107202445-Power.pdf This paper aims to posit the absurdity with which Franz Kafka has treated the element of Law and Justice in The Trial. It is through the character of Josef K., the protagonist, that one comes across the fragility of a citizen’s fundamental human rights and how one tragically succumbs to the inevitable trial and execution implemented by the bizarre judicial system. This paper piles up instances from the novel to validate its argument questioning the dysfunctionality of the jurisprudence: the baselessness of the arrest of Josef K., the unprofessional conduct of the court, the adulterous approach of the worker-lady in the court and, the ultimate execution of the accused. Josef K. being trapped in a labyrinthine network of bureaucratic traps, a Kafkaesque representation; this paper aims at exploring the totalitarian state of the novel’s setting and parodies the dark legal system that navigates throughout the novel leading to the transformation of the trials into a judgement. The existential misfortune to which all humans are destined, the inescapable suffering, brings out the absurd element of the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/absurdity-of-law-and-order-an-existentialist-reading-of-franz-kafka-s-the-trial/ Barbita Ghosh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-107202432-Absurdity.pdf Over time, pilgrimage is perceived to be a part of tourism and recreational activities. Besides facilitating people to commemorate and pray for the ones inside the tomb, this tradition also opens up the local economic circulation. This study aimed to examine the idea of commodification of Sunan Bonang Tomb from sacred space to religious tourism. It is grounded on a series of field studies from September 2022 to January 2023 in which researchers observed pilgrimage ritual activities at Sunan Bonang Tomb, Tuban, Indonesia interviewed 17 pilgrims and 9 key informants - the administrators of the Sunan Bonang Mabarrot Foundation, religious and community leaders, artists or cultural observers, and representatives of the Tuban Regency government- and reviewed old archives, published articles, and books. It employed an ethnographic study. The study found that the commodification of Sunan Bonang Tomb reflected changes in people's views and attitudes towards pilgrimage traditions. The pilgrimage used to be performed for respect and devotion to the ancestors and holy places, yet now it has become a religious tourist attraction for commercial purposes and public tourism. Commodification does not necessarily happen the way it is but is supported by some stakeholders, such as foundations, governments, religious leaders, investors, and local communities. Although the commodification promises economic benefits to the local area, it is necessary to preserve the sacred and cultural values attached to the tomb. https://ijels.com/detail/the-commodification-of-pilgrimage-tradition-an-ethnographic-study-of-sunan-bonang-tomb-tuban/ Ahmad Ghozi, Andrik Purwasito, Warto, Wakit Abdullah Rais https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-107202443-TheCommodification.pdf This article explores the influence of Feminist postcolonial perspectives within the framework of colonial space, particularly in regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia influenced by British and American colonization. The concept of "colonial space" in this context refers to establishing Western feminist colonies among Saudi women within the narrative of space exploration in novels. The study reveals that this notion is scrutinized in speculative works, where authors exercise creative freedom in placing characters within fictional settings. Postcolonial feminists argue that women in the Saudi palace experience oppressive and unequal treatment compared to men, experiencing both personal and institutional discrimination. They assert that the structure of this space predominantly favors men over women. The research findings suggest that Western postcolonial feminist works intentionally feature palace family figures to persuade and engage readers globally, influencing their perspectives... https://ijels.com/detail/the-power-of-feminist-postcolonial-through-colonial-space-an-analysis-of-western-women-s-works/ Muhammad Nasir, Mulia Munir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-10820243-ThePower.pdf This paper will analyse the Italian dubbing of Edgar Allan Poe Poems in the gothic horror drama “The Fall of the House of Usher” (2023) by Mike Flanagan. Specifically, the poems that will be analysed are “Annabel Lee” and “The City in the Sea”. The analysis will be pursued following a qualitative approach. Poems will be examined individually, and the original English version will be compared to the Italian dubbing through a detailed discourse analysis. Particular attention was given to the level of literary rendering in the Italian version, lip movement visibility and the overall changes detected within the two versions of the poems. The two poems have been translated largely literally in the Italian version. Examining the results, it can be confirmed that the lip movement had a minor influence on the translation choices. The Italian dubbed version maintains the original meaning of the poem coherently with the scenes and contexts in which these are recited in the miniseries. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-italian-dubbing-of-edgar-allan-poe-s-poems-in-the-fall-of-the-house-of-usher/ Simona Pannacci https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-107202449-AnAnalysis.pdf Psychoanalysis primarily concerns itself with literature through the representation of the conscious and unconscious minds of characters within storylines. Sigmund Freud’s theories are often reflected in literary works, using concepts such as the pleasure principle associated with the id, the reality principle linked to the ego, castration anxiety, and defense mechanisms. Other literary theories, like reader-response theory, focus on how texts are read and interpreted by readers. Norman N. Holland suggests that understanding a literary work involves not only reading the text but also considering the author’s biography, if known, to grasp how they create their masterpieces. Literary psychoanalysis explores the psychological and emotional aspects the author embeds in their works. Even though many authors are remarkably discreet about their past, their experiences may surface through recurring themes or phrases in their writings. Joker is a film released in 2019, directed by Todd Phillips and starring Joaquin Phoenix, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role. This paper conducts a psychoanalytic study of the character Joker, whose real name is Arthur Fleck. Arthur is a stand-up comedian aspiring to be the world’s most famous comedian, despite suffering from a medical condition that causes sudden and uncontrollable laughter, compounded by traumatic events in his childhood. https://ijels.com/detail/the-joker-unmasked-a-literary-psychoanalytic-study/ Ahmed Mashhor, Wafaa Abdulkader https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-107202448-TheJoker.pdf This paper explores the challenges associated with teaching reading to English majors in China, concentrating on the course designated as "Comprehensive English" or "Intensive Reading". Through historical analysis and critical synthesis, it identifies two significant obstacles in the prevailing teaching approaches. First, a discrepancy is noted between the course's static positioning and the dynamically shifting educational objectives. Second, the prevailing approaches such as TBLT, CBI, and POA are found to be misaligned with the specialized educational needs of English majors, thus requiring modification to align with the academic aspirations of English as a discipline. To address the first challenge, the paper advocates a broader scope for the course, extending beyond mere language skills training to cultivate language proficiency, humanistic literacy, and establishes connections with disciplinary knowledge. For the second challenge, a refined approach is presented, assimilating strengths from both traditional and contemporary approaches, and focusing on critical concepts such as learner autonomy, the flipped classroom model, and Barrett's taxonomy of levels of understanding. This customized approach provides efficacious procedures, aligned with the academic goals of English majors, offering implications for teachers and curriculum designers engaged in English major programs in China. https://ijels.com/detail/the-approaches-to-teaching-english-majors-reading-in-china-a-case-study-of-the-comprehensive-english-course/ Shuyan Liu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-107202450-TheApproaches.pdf The relationship between Odia Poetry in English and Jayanta Mahapatra is the relationship between architecture and its architect, between sculpture and its sculptor. In other words, the origin of Odia Poetry in English lies in Jayanta Mahapatra’s poetic oeuvre. It is Mahapatra who indeed has given birth to the domain. It is again he who has nurtured it all through to its maturity. If a single figure who has been existentially linked to the Odia Poetry in English right since its very inception and has been moreover, an eyewitness to its entire history, it is none other than Jayanta Mahapatra. Then who is Jayanta Mahapatra and what is the identity of this patriarch of Odia Poetry in English? If any singular label that is most ubiquitously applied to Jayanta Mahapatra is his being an Odia poet writing in English. Besides this monism of identity, he is nowhere to be assumed as a poet of some specific theme or concern. To ascribe particularities concerning his content is perhaps to narrow his poetic output. Though Odisha appears recurrently in his poetry, it would not perhaps be sensible to declare Mahapatra as a poet whose canvas solely permits anything quintessentially Odia. Besides, he has dealt with multiple themes, issues, concerns, commitments, etc. His is a vignette or a spectrum of plenty. In Mahapatra, more interestingly, the form is foreign but the content and the thought are incontestably his own. Such an obvious discrepancy is so skillfully managed by Mahapatra that the readers relish the beauty of the borrowed and the savior of the indigenous. This paper looks at how Mahapatra poems Odisha, his microcosm for the world, with special reference to a few of his poems wherein Odisha emerges as a major trope. https://ijels.com/detail/poeming-odisha-revisiting-jayanta-mahapatra/ Dr. Shakti Shankar Dandapat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-108202411-Poeming.pdf Competency assessment plays a critical role in determining the proficiency and effectiveness of future marine officers. The competence of marine engineering students focusing on their performance, the perceived factors that affect their competency, and the challenges they met during practical assessment were assessed. Using quantitative descriptive design, a practical assessment using the adopted practical assessment from the Maritime Administration and a survey questionnaire were used to achieve the research objectives. Total enumeration of the 30 marine engineering students and ten engine instructors who handle laboratory courses were the participants and respondents. Results include the general exemplary performance of the participants except in Function 2; several factors affect the students’ performance, such as student-related factors, instructor-related factors, facilities and equipment, and policy-related factors; and 46 challenges were identified. Several recommendations were presented. Among them are the incorporation of more simulation-based training that presents real-life scenarios requiring quick and effective decision-making; use of mnemonics memory aids; digital versions of learning materials for easy access; provision of scholarship grants, and others. https://ijels.com/detail/competencies-of-marine-engineering-students-of-a-maritime-higher-education-institution-an-assessment/ Rio Henson Liwag Derecho https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-106202438-Competencies.pdf Several African novels and short stories have been analysed linguistically. The authors of those analytical articles found that some of the stories employed the linguistic style set by the authors Chinua Achebe and Flora Nwapa. A major characteristic of this writing style is the use of African English or a blend with standard English. Language evolves regionally, so for this article, standard English refers to any English used by the VOA, BBC, British Royal Family, or even Brits in a pub, including UK and US slang relevant to the novel’s setting. It excludes English spoken by learners. The researcher considers this definition broad and lenient. African English refers to varieties of the English language spoken and written across Africa, often influenced by local languages and cultures, resulting in unique expressions and idiomatic usage. It encompasses different forms, including Nigerian English, Kenyan English and South African English, reflecting the diverse linguistic landscape of the continent. African literary researchers often show a strong interest in novels written in African English because these works reflect the linguistic diversity, cultural identity, and lived experiences of African communities. Nevertheless, many African authors write in Standard English. The academic discussion reveals that the debate on language choice in African literature is ongoing. This paper provides an overview of the English styles used by African authors and highlights the uncertainty regarding the future of African literature due to a lack of credible sources on current trends. The paper then analyses the style of African works in standard English alongside African English. For the purposes of this article, the researcher chooses Donald Besong’s Bleeding Stubs, which has not been analysed previously, to represent standard English works. The selection of Bleeding Stubs is based on its brevity, recent publication, and its setting in Cameroon—a country with limited representation in fiction. The paper concludes that the preferred language style for African authors remains fluid. Finally, it recommends fostering improved reading habits on the continent, encouraging greater engagement with the global reading community. This would lead to better career progression across various fields, foster the development of more internationally marketable writers, and empower them to use their income to support the growth of African languages, thereby reducing the reliance on English for expressing African pride. https://ijels.com/detail/bleeding-stubs-is-the-time-ripe-for-target-language-bias-in-african-literature/ Okafor Williams Edochie https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-108202415-Bleeding.pdf This study, Diasporic Experiences, Identity Crises and Ontological Insecurity in Lola Aworanti-Ekugo’s Lagos to London, examines how migration-induced diasporic experiences by Nigerians in diaspora were portrayed. In examining the work this author, the study explores the ways in which characters in the novel navigate their new surroundings and the ways in which they negotiate their identity and/or culture amidst the pressure of being immigrants. It also considers how these characters grapple with the consequences of leaving behind their homelands and the difficulties they face as a result. The study employs content and context analysis approaches of qualitative methodology in analysing the various challenges faced by Nigerians in diaspora in the selected texts. This study draws on Homi Bhabha’s Postcolonial Theory of Hybridity and Mimicry to argue that the authors whose novels are under investigation use their works to articulate the complexities of the Nigerian diasporic experiences and to criticize the effects of oppressive power structures. Findings from the study show that Nigerians living in diaspora are faced with multiple challenges in their formation of a new cultural identity through cultural contact with their host countries. The play-white-syndromes also expose these characters to multi-cultural lifestyles that resulted in their hybrid identity. Furthermore, due to the material disparities that constantly empower the white subject and degrade the black as well as the difficulties of negotiating new identities, these characters are overwhelmed by anxieties that threatens their identity, developed neurotic conditions which were manifested in their dreams and aspirations to obtain the humanity granted to white subjects. https://ijels.com/detail/diasporic-experiences-identity-crises-and-ontological-insecurity-in-lola-aworanti-ekugo-s-lagos-to-london/ Joy Ukamaka Oyewole https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-10820241-Diasporic.pdf This study determined the effectiveness of using SRSD in enhancing the writing performance of Grade 9 students in Abellana National School, for the school year 2018-2019. It determined the significant relationship between the two groups of students’ English 9 grades. The experimental group was taught writing using SRSD, while the control group was taught using the traditional method of teaching writing throughout the intervention which lasted for two weeks. Based on the findings, a proposed action plan which integrates SRSD was formulated. The study used the quasi-experimental design utilizing simple percentage rubric and narrative essay. A total of 44 students were rated. Statistical treatments utilized were weighted mean and simple percentage level of proficiency in writing essay. A writing prompt of Romeo and Juliet was used as the main instrument. The study findings showed significant differences between the mean scores attained by the experimental group and by the control group, and such difference was attributed to the SRSD writing strategy used. SRSD was able to aid the experimental group students to adapt the needed behavior of self-assessment wherein they became independent and active learners. https://ijels.com/detail/self-regulated-strategy-development-srsd-for-grade-9-english/ Alexandra L. Villasor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-10820246-Self.pdf Love is the finest of all motifs of poetry. No poetry can attain perfection and sublimity without vindications as well as visitations of love. It is the azure the very touch of which enlivens the idioms of poetry. Indian-English poetry has never sealed its boundaries to keep the angelic spirit of love off from its habitations. On the contrary, it has held its doors wide open to felicitate love at its thresholds. The prime objective of this paper is to shed some critical lights on the trajectory of love and its nuances as they have figured in the Odia-English poetry. While almost all the poets in the Parthenon of Indian-English poetry have been more or less accommodative to love, it is Bibhu Padhi and Dilip Naik who have been the most generous one in rehabilitating love at the habitations of their words. The spotlight has been on love as one seminal motif of the province of poetry under analysis. This paper has endeavoured to map out the aesthetics and ethics of love as depicted in the poetry of the Indian-English poets in general and Bibhu Padhi and Dilip Naik in particular. https://ijels.com/detail/poeticizing-love-reliving-the-ethics-and-aesthetics-of-odia-english-love-poetry/ Shakti Shankar Dandapat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-108202417-Poeticizing.pdf Nowadays, in the context of globalization and informatization, highly educated talents (HET) have become an important driving force for the economic and social development of countries and regions. Therefore, analyzing the geographical factors related to talent can provide important references for the formulation of regional talent introduction policies and talent management. From this perspective, this study uses the data of the Chinese population census from 2000 to 2020, analyzes the distribution pattern and primary influencing factors of HET in Guangdong Province in the past 20 years through the Theil index, multiple linear regression model (MLR), and GeoDetector model, and proposes optimization suggestions on this basis. Study has shown that: (1) Guangdong's HET are concentrated in economically developed cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, presenting a spatial distribution pattern of "dense in the PRD region, sparse in other regions," with Guangzhou and Shenzhen having the highest talent density. (2) There was a significant difference in the change rate of high educated talent density among cities in the province before and after 2010. The growth rate was relatively fast before 2010, but slowed down after 2010. The change rate of talent proportion shows a trend of "fast growth in the PRD region and slow growth in other regions." (3) The imbalance between the density and proportion of HET among cities is on the rise. Through the analysis of the geographic detector model, it was found that administrative hierarchy, scientific research environment, and economic opportunities are the three main factors affecting the distribution pattern of HET in Guangdong Province. https://ijels.com/detail/distribution-pattern-and-influencing-factors-of-highly-educated-talents-in-guangdong-province-from-2000-to-2020-based-on-gis-and-geodetector-model/ Zhentao Lin, Ruei-Yuan Wang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-108202425-Distribution.pdf Exploring the evolution of land use and its driving force in Shenzhen's Production-Living-Ecological Space (PLES) may serve as a reference for optimizing regional land spatial patterns and urban spatial structures, as well as providing a scientific foundation for supporting regional sustainable development. The research period was 2010 to 2020, and the spatial-temporal evolution was analyzed using GIS and a land use transfer matrix, followed by an examination of the driving factors of its change using geographic detectors. The results indicate that: (1) Shenzhen's production space increases initially before decreasing, while the living space increases little and then grows significantly, while the ecological space continues to shrink significantly. (2) From 2010 to 2015, the degree of conversion was quite low, but from 2015 to 2020, it climbed dramatically. (3) The majority of the factors have strong explanatory power for the land use intensity of PLES but the annual average temperature, NDVI, and the added value of tertiary industry are always important driving factors influencing the land use intensity (4) In the interactive detection, the average annual temperature, NDVI, PM2.5, population density, and the added value of tertiary industry were interacted with other factors, and the results significantly increased the explanatory power of the land use intensity of PLES. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-the-spatial-temporal-evolution-of-land-use-and-driving-force-based-on-the-production-living-ecological-space-a-case-study-of-shenzhen/ Fengyi Song, Ruei-Yuan Wang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-108202430-Analysis.pdf Myth occupies a major part in the life of women. Various kinds of belief made women to be in the corner of the society. We have seen many such taboos which suppresses women. This article discusses one among that. Anupama being suffered from Leukoderma was considered as a person of bad omen and sent out from her in-laws house. The entire society believed her as a person of untouchable. Though she slipped down slightly she successfully gave a good come back with the weapon called education. Education plays a major role in this novel which was used excellently by the heroine Anupama in the upliftment and betterment of her life whereas from the side of male protagonist even though he was educated he remained in shallow darkness. Anand being a doctor couldn’t understood the reality and failed to stand by the side of Anu as he had only physical attraction over her. This article paves a way for every citizen to look into the beauty called character of a woman not merely external appearance. It also shows the tendency of Anu coping up with all kind of situation with boldness. https://ijels.com/detail/an-enigmatic-view-on-trauma-of-a-woman-and-reign-of-education-in-sudha-murty-s-mahashweta/ C. Sundaram https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-10820249-AnEnigmatic.pdf This study looks at how consumer satisfaction with local and non-local goods is affected by demographic characteristics in six districts of Nagaland: Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Tuensang, Mon, and Kiphire. The study aims to investigate how consumer satisfaction levels are influenced by characteristics such as gender, occupational status, and district-specific differences. Using an organized interview schedule, primary data was gathered from a sample of 600 respondents—a varied cross-section of Nagaland's population. The primary measure used for examining satisfaction levels was the Average Consumer Satisfaction Score (ACSS). The results show considerable differences in consumer satisfaction between various demographic groups when it comes to local and non-local items. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to consider demographic variables when figuring out Nagaland's consumer behavior. It implies that district-specific dynamics, local cultural identity, and economic considerations all significantly impact customer satisfaction. The knowledge gathered from this study can help shape focused marketing plans and legislative initiatives that support regional products and cater to the interests of various customer segments. By providing a sophisticated knowledge of the relationship between demographics and consumer satisfaction in a culturally and economically diverse region like Nagaland, this study adds to the broader discussion on consumer behavior. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-demographic-variations-on-consumer-satisfaction-a-study-of-local-and-non-local-goods-in-nagaland/ Rongsennungla Jamir, Dr. Gautam Patikar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-10820248-Impact.pdf By analyzing Jeffrey Tayler’s Glory in a Camel’s Eye (2003) and Tahir Shah’s The Caliph’s House (2006), this paper considers the more elusive elements of Orientalism in contemporary travel writing. While earlier colonial era writers were less subtle often in obvious terms suggesting backward and undeveloped narratives to the point of being almost negative these visceral accounts are bound up with the skillful deployment of local voices that serve as a weaponized device for endorsing Western constructions. They often use the self-critical words of Moroccans to disguise their prejudices, granting them an appearance of impartiality and legitimacy. The paper argues that even in its most nuanced form, teaching culture through such subtle comparison sustains Orientalist frameworks by comparing a “modern” West with the primitive East. Using a more subtle, strategic representation of Western dominance as instantiation enables the study to show in scrutinizing travelogue passages that local voices of Morocco had been weaponized to promote/propagate white supremacy and live among larger narration for cultural imperialism. This study also explores how these travelogues capitalize on representations of dirt, poor hygiene, and otherness in Moroccan life, serving to highlight how depictions of uncleanliness and animal-like imagery continue to dehumanize and exoticize non-Western peoples. https://ijels.com/detail/subtle-orientalism-moroccan-self-criticism-and-poor-hygiene-as-tools-for-western-representations/ Mohamed El Mehdi Jouay https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-108202414-Subtle.pdf Translation criticism is an indispensable part of translation activities, playing a crucial role in improving the quality of translations and advancing the development of the discipline. This paper uses the American children’s literature work The Wednesday Wars as a case study to propose a new approach to the framework of children's literature translation criticism. Combining both macro and micro perspectives and guided by the principle of child-centeredness, the study analyzes the translation from four dimensions: accuracy, readability, literary quality, and educational value. It explores effective translation methods and techniques for children's literature and reflects on the standards of a translation criticism framework for this genre. https://ijels.com/detail/a-new-approach-to-the-framework-of-children-s-literature-translation-criticism-a-case-study-of-the-wednesday-wars/ Mengying Xiang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-108202419-ANew.pdf Violence against women is a pervasive global issue, affecting millions of lives. This paper examines the multifaceted nature of women’s safety, exploring the types of violence, causes, effects, and consequences. Through a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, this research highlights the sociocultural, economic, and political factors contributing to women’s vulnerability. It also showcases innovative solutions, strategies, and initiatives aimed at preventing violence and promoting women’s safety. By emphasizing the importance of education, community engagement, and policy reforms, this paper advocates for a comprehensive approach to address the complexities of violence against women. Ultimately, it calls for collective action to ensure women’s safety, equality, and empowerment. https://ijels.com/detail/women-safety-matters-addressing-the-complexities-and-violence-against-women/ Arpita Halder https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS108202432-Women.pdf In this thesis, two Chinese versions of And Then There Were None- a representative of detective novels, are selected for research. It aims to contrast and analyse Qi Ahong’s and Xia Yang’s Chinese versions from the perspective of semantic translation and communicative translation, and study their translation methods and skills of detective novel. This thesis uses contrastive analysis method and bibliographic method to analyse these two versions from the perspective of semantic translation and communicative translation. The results indicate that Xia Yang’s version tends to communicative translation, while Qi Ahong’s version tends to semantic translation too much, and sometimes even ignoring communicative function. However, in the practice of detective novel translation, both of these two translation methods should be utilized, and translators should choose the most suitable translation method according to different contexts. This paper provides a new perspective for the contrastive analysis of the Chinese versions of And Then There Were None, and puts forward a reference for the translation of detective novels. Moreover, the proposed translation method combining semantic translation and communicative translation helps to promote the improvement of Chinese versions of detective novels and contributes to boost the communication and transmission of world culture. https://ijels.com/detail/a-contrastive-study-of-qi-ahong-s-and-xia-yang-s-chinese-versions-of-and-then-there-were-none/ Fu Liyan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-10820245-AContrastive.pdf The geography and psych phony of the journey executed in the frame of the novella “The Heart of Darkness” by Joseph Conrad has been discussed in the present paper identifying the physical journey into the African woods and the equally significant psychological journey conducted in the characters. This paper exposes how the geography of the African settings is entangled with the characters’ thoughts and conflicts. In the analysis, the emphasis is made on such aspects as the Congo River, both, the European and the African contexts of the colonizers and colonized, and colonial engineering. The paper will discuss the specificity of the cable area and place as seen by Conrad and how that adds to the stories’ meaning together with an analysis of the way colonialism reduces the human identity. Consequently, this research establishes how Conrad’s work conveys the concept of psychogeography, particularly with respect to colonialism and its influence on mentality. Thus, in relation to the processes of discussing, the psychogeographic theory study offers new insight into the multilayered construct of environment and human subjectivity of consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/the-thematic-study-of-psychogeography-in-joseph-conrad-s-the-heart-of-darkness/ Salath Monica W https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-108202410-TheThematic.pdf The Partition year 1947 was a seismic year whose after effects can be felt even today. The division of British India was poorly planned leading to drastic upheavals. There arose schisms and tensions amongst once harmonious populations. Earlier the people used to live as one family. They used to share not just a cultural gene pool and biological ties, but common kinship institutions too. When the Partition was announced, it all ends gloomily. Our own mothers, sisters and daughters were violated, as they were considered the mark of communal purity. Various authors have shown how women were the immediate recipients of this trauma, either enduring the loss and death of their husbands or by enduring the loss of their own virtue at the hands of rape and sexual violation. There was a heinous display of savage brutality. The partition is not the partition of territory but it is the partition of hearts and souls of the people. https://ijels.com/detail/dissolution-in-concordance-a-jolt-to-mental-peace/ Dipna, Dr. Swaraj Raj, Dr. Ankdeep Kaur Attwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-108202429-Dissolution.pdf This paper can explore how India is enforcing innovative educational practices to enhance literacy issues and foster commission among depressed children in connected with gender studies. It can include conversations on their use of technology; community- grounded literacy enterprise, and acclimatized academic support programs. We've been working towards bridging the gap and icing that youthful girls across India admit essential coffers that help ameliorate their internal, physical, and emotional development. Demarcation issues in India are deep- embedded and rehearsed for generations, and that's why it requires long- term intervention, which we've been furnishing to underserved communities across India. CRY( Child Rights and You) is a top NGO in India working for depressed children, aims to produce a world where the girl child is celebrated and has access to equal openings to study, grow, and prosper as her manly counterpart. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-gender-studies-in-shaping-india-s-approach-to-empowering-underprivileged-children-through-educational-innovations/ Deepthi H https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-108202424-TheRole.pdf Modern Poetry presents the modern consciousness in modern idiom. It is a break from the Romantic tradition of thought, feeling and utterance prevalent at the turn of the century. This is brought out starkly in T.S. Eliot’s essay ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’ with its declaration that poetry is not a turning loose of emotion but an escape from emotion; it is not an expression of personality but an escape from personality. This Impersonal theory of poetry differentiates between the man who suffers and the mind which creates. Modern Poetry in assessing the changed dynamics of the machine age, rapid industrialization and advance in technological progress, urbanization, the advent of Darwinism, the impact of Marx, Nietzsche, the psychoanalytical theories of Freud and Jung, Einstein’s theory of Relativity, brought about a veritable storm of progress of ideas, and multiple perspectives on the world. In response, when poetry rallies to Ezra Pound’s call to make it new, Modern Poetry presents new aesthetics with dazzling innovation of subject and stylistics. https://ijels.com/detail/modern-poetry-an-overview/ Prof. (Dr.) Kokila S. Mathur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-108202443-Modern.pdf Grief is a complex emotional response to loss, often associated with the death of a loved one. However, there were many ways that it was expressed. Mourning stationery, mourning cigarettes, hair wreaths, and mourning rings, on the more expensive end, were objects used to signal a public display of grief, but writing had a profound influence on the Victorian and Gilded Ages, but even in death, there was money to be made in death during the Victorian and Gilded Ages. The world of commerce was quick to recognize the money to be made from this unexpected and unprecedented run on all things funeral. This economic foresight triggered a surge in British manufacturing. As the production of mourning tea sets reveals, taking tea and thinking about death were two cultural practices that could be done simultaneously. An important legacy that remained in mourning was letter writing and stationery during the Victorian and Gilded Ages, which was based on the writer and recipient of expressive papers, and has been maintained as a tradition through modern times as a form of expression and healing. As mourning became more expressive, handwritten notes and letters reached peak popularity during the second half of the 19th century and became fashionable for people as being characterized by having an elegant simplicity. https://ijels.com/detail/communicating-through-grief-the-effects-of-writing-in-victorian-and-gilded-ages/ Dr. Cristina Guarneri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-108202421-Communicating.pdf Western philosophy has been expressed and developed historically through a rich and varied process documented in English literature. The intellectual movements that influenced English literature from antiquity to the present are carefully examined in this essay. The formation and development of religious themes were greatly influenced by medieval Christian philosophy, while ancient Greek and Roman philosophies served as an inspiration for the themes and materials of literary works. Philosophy and literature were combined by the Renaissance humanism movement to symbolize humanity's quest for the human spirit. Philosophy is specifically conveyed in literature through themes such as nature, reason, and self-awareness, to name just a few. Certain literary genres and philosophical systems also have a lot in common. By promoting dialogue and interaction between literature and philosophy, interdisciplinary research will expand our knowledge. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-western-thought-in-english-literature/ Dr. Mintu Patra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-108202426-Impact.pdf This study investigates the influence of phonetic integration in Google Dictionary on English pronunciation from the perspective of TESL students at Universiti Selangor. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design to determine if there is a link between how often TESL students use Google Dictionary and how well they pronounce words. It also examines how different features of Google Dictionary affect their pronunciation skills. The sample comprised 120 students from the Foundation in TESL, Diploma of Education (TESL), and Bachelor of Education (TESL) programs. Data was collected through a survey administered via Google Forms and analysed using SPSS with descriptive statistics. The instrument demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.951 across 22 items. The result indicated that Google Dictionary is an effective tool for pronunciation learning and positively impacts TESL students. It helps the students improve their English pronunciation. The phonetic features integration in Google Dictionary significantly aids TESL students in enhancing their pronunciation skills. This study highlights the importance of utilising digital tools in language learning and suggests that educators should encourage students to use such resources to support their pronunciation practice. https://ijels.com/detail/phonetic-integration-in-google-dictionary-shaping-english-pronunciation-from-the-tesl-students-perspective-in-universiti-selangor/ Fasihah Raihani Binti Abdul Rahman, Manivanan Bala Saravanan, Keisha Jambulingam, Rus Shafrena Binti Sapee Shafie, Siti Noor Azilah Binti Abdullah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-108202422-Phonetic.pdf Our contemporary time is marked by an endless flow of data that is exchanged between nations, companies, and individuals at a nanosecond timescale. All this data flow, which Katherine Hales calls “information overload”, is facilitated by the spread of computer software and digital devices that have colonized every corner on the globe. Today no secret is hidden; information is available and access to it is getting liberated from the confines of the enclosed files. Entrepreneurs, decision-makers, politicians, researchers and even common people, to mention just a few categories, each has built some kind of a digital fortress that secures its data and transmits only the information that suits its interests to the (digital) world. Yet, high-tech empires are no more than a double-edged weapon that (mis)informs not only consumers and adversaries but also the high-tech owners themselves. While high-technologies have been viewed as a sign of extreme knowledge, power and wealth, they have in fact deprived humans of their natural ‘humanity’ one way or another. More than that, instead of providing absolute knowledge as they are supposed to do, they hide the dark truth and what they really provide is no more than a mere illusion. Taking the example of Don DeLillo’s Cosmopolis: a novel, this novel envisages the influence of high-technologies on the contemporary Man and exposes the double facets of the computer and wireless networks. Through the protagonist Eric Packer, DeLillo portrays the digital world from different perspectives and lays bare the inconveniences of high-technologies as they eventually turn out to hide the ‘truth’ instead of revealing it to their owner. Indeed, the protagonist’s blind trust in his high-tech empire was caused by misinformation rather than by objective recognition of the concrete world that surrounds him. In Cosmopolis: a novel the author warns his readers that it is wiser to keep a certain amount of doubt and criticism while dealing with Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality. https://ijels.com/detail/truth-and-mis-information-in-the-high-tech-empires-case-study-cosmopolis-a-novel-by-don-delillo/ Aicha Boussamma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-108202416-Truth.pdf India is the largest consumer and second largest producer of tea in the world. It is a highly labour-intensive industry with 50 % concentration of women workers. However, over the years, tea gardens of India have undergone severe crisis due to low productivity of labour, increasing social cost of production, and fall in tea prices, competition in the world markets and high domestic consumption, removal of tariffs with trade liberalisation. With all the crisis laborers are struggling with the closure and non-payment or curtailment of wages, bonus, gratuity, provident fund and others statutory benefits. The working and living condition of the workers in most of the tea garden is very deplorable and poor and have resulted in forced migration, malnourishment and even death in many cases. The Government failed to provide any meaningful support or alternative to resume work in closed tea gardens. The condition of the workers working in the gardens is worse and insecure and remains unheard and ignored by the plantation owners and the Government. https://ijels.com/detail/social-consequence-of-the-crisis-in-the-tea-industry-of-north-bengal-2/ Bidhya Rai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-09202412-Social.pdf Charles Bukowski’s poem Bluebird is a nuanced and intimate exploration of the darker underbelly of masculinity, characterized by repression and guarded vulnerabilities. This research paper delves into the poem’s themes, symbolism, and Bukowski’s personal life experiences that shaped his portrayal and understanding of male vulnerabilities. Through a critical analysis, this paper aims to unravel and examine the structure of the poem, literary devices, and historical context that remains seminally integral. Bluebird, as an important piece, subverts the classical and stereotypical ideas of masculinity and emotional repression by drawing on scholarly criticism for enhanced literary and philosophical context. https://ijels.com/detail/whiskey-smoke-and-the-soul-a-critical-analysis-of-bukowski-s-bluebird/ Varanjit Kaur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-09202420-Whiskey.pdf