https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usDecember 10 Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the imitation of human thought processes by a computer system to behave in a human-like manner. As a key factor of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, AI is transforming education by facilitating more accessible and customized learning experiences. To explore the cause of the rising integration of AI in education, this article analyses the latest literature and AI tools employed in the industry to comprehend the role of AI in English language teaching and learning. This study uses a qualitative research method to collect and analyse fifty citable, recently published scholarly writings available at the Google Scholar database. The data is synthesized and examined through content analysis techniques to summarize and integrate key information for precise and accurate results. The results suggest that AI fosters a supportive environment, provides rich materials according to the learner's proficiency, career goals, and personal interests, significantly upgrading the teaching and learning experience in ELT. Despite its limitations and challenges, the role of AI in education is going to expand with the development of technology offering even more innovative approaches and tools to enhance both teaching practices and learning outcomes in the field of English language education. https://ijels.com/detail/artificial-intelligence-ai-a-review-of-its-uses-and-impacts-in-english-language-teaching-and-learning/ Rahim Uddin Choudhury, Md. Mokbul Hossain, Mohamed Elboussairi Salih Elhaj Mohamed, Mohammad Mazedul Huq Talukdar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-110202436-Artificial.pdf On the contrary to the humanitarian values presented in Sudha Murty's works, novels like "Dollar Bahu" and "House of Cards" emphasize their difference with materialism. Firstly, in "Dollar Bahu", a choice has to be made between her enjoyment in India or seeking wealth in the US and thus portrays Western materialism. Lastly, in "House of Cards", the weak-minded greed and materialism lead to the compromising of morals and relationships and, therefore, call out more for compassion. The present research paper explores the cosmopolitan sensibility and global humanitarian perspectives present in some selected novels by Sudha Murty, such as Dollar Bahu and House of Cards. Using a description, interpretative, and analytic approach with library research, the paper critiques Murty's views concerning materialism, the deterioration of moral values, and regaining human morals. The analytical overview emphasizes important humanitarian themes represented by characters and love stories, selflessness, responsibility, and ethical values. Murty's writings can be viewed in the light of reflection about how materialism clashes with moral values in today's society and the need to return to humanitarian ideals in this globalized world. https://ijels.com/detail/humanitarian-perspectives-and-materialism-in-sudha-murty-s-dollar-bahu-and-house-of-cards/ Aayushi, Dr. Sonam Kamboj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-110202446-Humanitarian.pdf This paper examines the theme of motherhood as portrayed in Caryl Churchill's plays: Top Girls(1982) and Fen (1983). By delving into the nuanced exploration of motherhood within these works, this paper aims to shed light on the complex and multifaceted nature of maternal experiences, while also analyzing the social, cultural, and political contexts that shape these representations. Through a close reading of the plays, this paper elucidates the diverse perspectives on motherhood presented by Churchill. Moreover, this paper situates Churchill's exploration of motherhood within the broader socio-political landscape of the time. It considers the feminist movements and debates surrounding reproductive rights and motherhood in the late 20th century, as well as the socio-economic realities that shaped women's experiences. By contextualizing the plays, this research paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how Churchill's works engage with the theme of motherhood as a lens to comment on the complexities of gender, power, and social expectations. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-theme-of-motherhood-as-portrayed-in-top-girls-and-fen-by-caryl-churchill/ Mahmoud Fakhry Osman Hassan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-109202460-Exploring.pdf This project investigates the creative blending of gamification and serious games in a way that encourages ELL engagement in the classroom. Such a belief exists that teachers can create a good learning environment that fosters the acquisition of language, as well as the active engagement of pupils, by tapping into elements of game design to foster community among learners. The current study provides a taxonomy of the key benefits and drawbacks in applying serious games and gamification for teaching English. By considering the SWOT analysis of the application of the two singular, game-based approaches to learning a language like English, student opinions are gathered by using the Delphi method. This study produced an ordered list of critical adoption and entry factors to consider while gamifying the process of learning English. Discussion of these problems led us to identify other elements. We then proceed to discuss the importance and implications of the potential and difficulties associated with gamification and serious games in the context of our results. https://ijels.com/detail/engaging-english-language-learners-through-gamification-and-serious-games/ Aayushi, Dr. Sonam Kamboj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-110202447-Engaging.pdf Language and the issues related with the language, have always been relevant in the history and contemporary times. Language is not merely a method of communication but rather an epitome of existence, identity and culture. While language and culture are interdependent, all the aspects connected to language pave a trajectory for the growth and death of a particular language. Language is a social, political and psychological construct. Today, though the world is still struggling hard to cope with the language of power and politics, English, we are witnessing the language debates persistent in countries of diversity and vernacularity. In the history, though English was introduced as a colonial weapon, today it has transformed as a language of survival, status and hegemony. Language has a wide scope of introspecting itself through the lens of caste, identity and hybridity. The mother tongue and the other tongue have always been in rivalry signifying the fight for existence. This paper will discuss the different debates on language, politics of language constructed in the Indian society on different platforms of culture. In order to present the vivid dimensions, the poems “Which Language should I Speak?” by Arun Kamble, “Language” by Sananta Tanty and “Search for my Tongue” by Sujata Bhatt are chosen. https://ijels.com/detail/deciphering-the-politics-of-language-in-select-poems-a-contemplation/ Madhushri Kallimani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-110202449-Deciphering.pdf The exponential growth of e-commerce in Henan, China necessitates a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the continuous intention to adopt recommender systems, a crucial tool in enhancing online shopping experiences. This research aims to fill a knowledge gap in the Chinese e-commerce landscape, specifically in Henan, by investigating the unique cultural, social, and economic factors shaping user behavior. Building on a comprehensive literature review, the study identifies cultural orientation, privacy concerns, and user experience as critical drivers of recommender system adoption. Trust in technology emerges as a mediating factor influencing users' continuous intention. The primary objectives are to investigate the factors impacting continuous intention to adopt recommender systems and examine the mediating role of trust in technology. The anticipated findings will not only contribute to the broader understanding of consumer behavior in a rapidly growing digital market but will also provide practical recommendations for businesses to optimize their recommender systems, ultimately fostering increased sales in the Henan’s e-commerce landscape. https://ijels.com/detail/the-factors-influencing-continuous-intention-to-adopt-e-commerce-recommender-system-the-mediating-role-of-trust-in-technology-in-henan-china/ Yang Zhao, Ooi Chin Lye https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-11120245-TheFactors.pdf Amitav Ghosh has won many accolades for his fiction that is keenly intertwined with history. His fiction is characterized by strong themes that may be sometimes identified as historical novels. His themes involve emigration, exile, cultural displacement and uprooting. He illuminates the basic ironies, deep-seated ambiguities and existential dilemmas of the human condition. He, in one of the interviews, has observed, "Nobody has the choice of stepping away from history" and "For me, the value of the novel, as a form, is that it can incorporate elements of every aspect of life-history, natural history, rhetoric, politics, beliefs, religion, family, love, sexuality". Amitav Ghosh's success as a historical novelist owes much to the distinctiveness of his well-researched narratives. He remarkably manifests a bygone era and vanished experiences to life through vividly realized detail. The novels are largely set against the backdrop of major historical events such as the Swadeshi movement, the Second World War, the partition of India, the communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka and Calcutta, the Maoist Movement, the India-China War, the India-Pakistan War and the fall of Dhaka from East Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh. While focusing upon all his novels the paper aims at examining and elaborating Ghosh's historical touches and their implications. The paper also investigates the narrative techniques employed in his novels. https://ijels.com/detail/exemplification-of-history-and-historical-fantasy-in-the-novels-of-amitav-ghosh/ Shaik MD Thameem Basha, S. Nancy Margret https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-11120242-Exemplification.pdf The dual nature of supplication as both expressive and directive speech acts presents a challenge in understanding how religious language conveys feelings like trust, hope, and confidence while invoking a higher authority. Thus, this paper attempts to investigate the pragmatic behavior of supplication in Arabic Prophetic hadiths. Based on Searle’ (1969, 1979) model of speech acts, 25 Prophetic hadiths are selected to be pragmatically analyzed in terms of a mixed research method. The findings reveal that expressive acts manifest emotional pleas for strength and forgiveness, while directive acts focus on requests for divine help. This in turn highlights the dual function of supplication, as it serves both personal reflection and an appeal for action from God. This entails that Prophetic hadiths tend to evince morals and spiritual guidance. https://ijels.com/detail/pragmatic-study-of-supplication-in-prophetic-hadiths/ Huda Ala’a Jabour, Abbas Lutfi Hussein https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-111202415-Pragmatic.pdf This paper explores the intricate relationship between women’s dowries and marriages as depicted in Shakespeare’s plays, situating the discussion within the context of the Elizabethan Age. It examines the role of fathers in securing dowries, the implications for prospective husbands, and the agency of brides themselves. While their views on dowries may differ, dowries do bring different outcomes (whether or not they can secure a successful and happy marriage) to different people, and these reflect the dependent social and economic status of the women in that period. While some characters like Cordelia and Helena manage to assert their value beyond material possessions, many others remain trapped in the socio-economic constraints of their time. As such, Shakespeare’s plays serve as both reflections and critiques of the social structures that governed women's lives during his time, which can be used to supplement historical data. https://ijels.com/detail/women-s-dowries-and-marriages-in-shakespeare-s-plays/ Xiaoling Zhu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-110202451-Women.pdf The Partition of India in 1947, one of the most violent episodes of the 20th century, deeply influenced literary expressions across the Indian subcontinent. Bhisham Sahni, an eminent Hindi writer, witnessed this event and wove its legacy into his writing. His works, particularly Tamas, delve into the traumatic experiences surrounding Partition, yet also reveal unexpected dimensions of resilience, compassion, and growth amidst chaos. This article studies the concept of post-traumatic growth as manifested in Sahni’s Tamas, specifically focusing on how his characters evolve through trauma. The article draws on the theory of post-traumatic growth (PTG) to uncover the complex interplay of loss, healing, and moral resilience in Tamas. https://ijels.com/detail/post-traumatic-growth-in-bhisham-sahni-s-tamas-an-exploration/ Gopinath Khutia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-11120241-Post.pdf Science news reporting plays a critical role in fostering public understanding of complex scientific concepts. But it often struggles to engage diverse audiences. This paper explores effective writing strategies that enhance audience engagement in science journalism. It identifies key elements that make science reporting more accessible and appealing. Writing strategies such as simplifying jargon, using narrative techniques, incorporating human interest stories, and connecting scientific developments to real-world applications are highlighted. Additionally, the use of visuals, analogies, and interactive digital elements is discussed for their role in enhancing comprehension and retaining reader interest. By offering insights into successful writing approaches, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to make science news more inclusive and relevant to a broader audience, particularly in an era of information overload and scientific scepticism. https://ijels.com/detail/tailoring-science-news-reporting-for-audience-engagement-effective-writing-strategies/ Shiv Shankar Das, Srimaya Rath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-11120249-Tailoring.pdf The book, “Do It as Wilson says” , examines the enduring impact of Woodrow Wilson’s idea on American foreign relations from the perspective of Wilsonian precepts as an American principle in international politics. In other words, the text authored by Ellias Aghili Dehnavi and Mobin Karbasi integrates historical studies and modern political theory. This reveals that Wilsonianism has been the only framework for American diplomacy throughout the twentieth century until now. This review will cover the book’s structure of the content, central arguments, methodological contributions and the way it contributes to the attempts of repositioning the liberal internationalism and American foreign policy scholarship. https://ijels.com/detail/wilsonianism-in-u-s-foreign-policy-a-review/ Anton Korshenko https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-111202419-Wilsonianism.pdf Spirited Away, a Japanese animated fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki in 2001 brings to the audience a story of a young girl, Chihiro who along with her parents enter into the world of spirits. The film narrates a story of disruptive identity, language, and belonging of the protagonist, Chihiro and echoes themes of cultural displacement and colonization. This paper will analyze the film and the journey of the individuals into a colonized space, where conventional identities are suppressed within a dominated cultural landscape. This paper will delve into an argument where the film will be analyzed from the perspective of postcolonialism, where Chihiro’s experiences in the spirit world reflect the tussle of the colonized people dealing with distorted identities, language, and complicated notion of belonging. Chihiro’s arrival into the spirit world corresponds with the encounter of the colonized individual with the culture of the colonizer, where the transformation of her parents into pigs paralleled with the dehumanization and compromise of identity of the colonized. Chihiro’s renaming as Sen, language as a tool of control, and disturbing their sense of belonging highlights the colonial imposition on humans in the world of the spirits. The bathhouse in the film is symbolic of the colonized space where the identities, languages of the colonized are constructed and contested. The paper will also try to analyze how the protagonist takes up the journey towards self-discovery and reclaims her identity, culture, and autonomy in the midst of oppression. https://ijels.com/detail/echoes-of-colonialism-and-identity-crisis-a-postcolonial-analysis-of-hayao-miyazaki-s-spirited-away/ Poulami Banerjee, Navreet Sahi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-111202411-Echoes.pdf Carol Ann Duffy is an award-winning Scottish poet who mainly talks about women in her poetry. Her poetry also engages such topics as gender and oppression, expressing them in familiar, conversational language that made her work accessible to a variety of readers. The collection where her feministic approach becomes clearer is The World's Wife (1999), where she destabilizes myth and history by giving women their own voice. In this piece of writing, she destabilizes the phallocentric tradition of writing. In this particular poetry collection, she gives voice to the overlooked female figures. In this particular poetry collection, Duffy uses the original story lines, but the messages are changed. In Duffy’s version the portrayal of women is quite different. In the original version, women were stereotypically described as always being weak, ignorant and incapable. Duffy’s version is totally contrary to the original one. The purpose of this paper is to subject select poems of Carol Ann Duffy to a gynocritical study and to present a fascinating glimpse of the feminist perspectives. https://ijels.com/detail/a-gynocritical-reading-of-carol-ann-duffy-s-the-world-s-wife/ Brinda Samanta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-111202416-AGynocritical.pdf This paper delves into the existential and absurdist themes in Franz Kafka's ‘Metamorphosis’, unravelling the protagonist's transformation as a metaphor for alienation and societal rejection. Through a critical lens, it examines the existential plight and identity crisis that arise in a world devoid of meaning, challenging conventional perceptions of humanity, purpose, and self. https://ijels.com/detail/the-chaotic-kafka-devouring-the-absurdism-in-gregor-samsa-s-transformation/ Tamanna https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-11120247-THE.pdf The paper explores the different forms of desires in the novels Samskara (1976) and Kusumabale (2015). In Samskara, there is a preoccupation with the theme of desire and the form and narration of the novel imbibes a voyeuristic male gaze. The valorisation of inter-caste relations is performed through this voyeuristic male gaze where desires of upper caste men are manifested through women, they either become the objects of desire or disgust. Their wives, the upper caste women, are portrayed as unattractive while the lower caste women are objects of the upper caste men’s erotic fascination. Through the feminist lens of Laura Mulvey’s theory of male gaze, I analyse how women lack any conscious agency in the novel as they are limited to their bodies, and caste determines the desirability or the lack of it. In comparison, the portrayal of inter-caste relations in Kusumabale does not involve any explicit articulation of desire and the narrative does not cater to any form of voyeuristic gaze. Instead, the novel portrays the deadly consequences of inter-caste relations which often leads to violence. The novel becomes the exact inverse to everything that Samskara tries to achieve be it through form, thematic style, or narration. https://ijels.com/detail/preoccupation-and-absence-of-desire-voyeurism-and-caste-in-samskara-and-kusumabale/ Sanmitha Snehajan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-110202452-Preoccupation.pdf This paper investigates the intricate layers of Identity and Maternity in Suniti Namjoshi's poignant novel, 'The Mothers of Maya Diip.' A critical exploration of the text unravels the complex web of relationships, cultural norms, and personal narratives that shape the protagonist's journey. By examining the intersections of feminism, queer identity, and motherhood, this analysis reveals how Suniti Namjoshi's work challenges traditional notions of love, family, and belonging. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the novel's powerful portrayal of the self as a multifaceted and dynamic entity and its enduring resonance in contemporary discussions of Identity and Maternity. https://ijels.com/detail/unveiling-the-layers-exploring-identity-and-maternity-in-suniti-namjoshi-s-the-mothers-of-maya-diip/ Vasundhara Laspal, Barkha Rautela https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-111202427-Unveiling.pdf "Cropping intensity" refers to the practice of producing many crops in one agricultural year in the same location. A greater percentage of the seeded area is cropped more than once when cropping intensity is increased. A number of factors, such as the availability of modern agricultural equipment, fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, and better irrigation systems, can lead to a rise in cropping intensity. Nonetheless, the average cropping intensity increased from 167.42% in 1990–1992 to 183.17% in 2022–2023 over the preceding three decades. Furthermore, the primary goal of the study is to examine the temporal perspective and geographic variance of the changing pattern of cropping intensity in the state's different agroclimatic zones. The findings indicate that the cropping intensity scenario is suitable in every agroclimatic zone, with the exception of the central one. The improved use of arable land and the increase in yield per hectare, which showed the progress of agriculture, were the overall results of these advancements. https://ijels.com/detail/comparative-insights-into-the-changing-patterns-of-cropping-intensity-in-haryana/ Ashish https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-111202428-Comparative.pdf Abdulrazak Gurnah, a Tanzanian-British Nobel Laureate, is a celebrated name in modern literature. His sixth novel, By the Sea (2001), delves into the aftermaths of migration and displacement, particularly highlighting the impact of imperialism on native culture and identity. In the novel, Gurnah explores the complex interplay between trauma and memory in the context of migration and displacement. The novel's central characters, Omer and Latif, are both marked by experiences of trauma, and their struggles to reconcile these experiences with their present lives are a major theme of the work.At the heart of the novel's exploration of trauma and memory is the idea that memory is a site of ongoing struggle and negotiation. Both Omer and Latif are haunted by memories of their past, which exert a powerful influence on their present lives. For Omer, memories of his childhood in Zanzibar are deeply intertwined with the trauma of his father's death, while for Latif, memories of his time in prison are a constant source of anguish.Gurnah's novel suggests that acculturation is inherently traumatic, as it involves a rupture with one's past and the need to forge a new identity in a foreign land. However, the novel also suggests that memory can be a powerful tool for healing and reconciliation. By revisiting the past and confronting their traumas head-on, both Omer and Latif can find a measure of peace and acceptance. Through an analysis of the novel's characters and their struggles with memory and trauma, this research paper explores how trauma and memory impact the experiences of migrants and refugees, and how cultural sensitivity and awareness can inform trauma healing practices. https://ijels.com/detail/the-struggle-for-reconciliation-trauma-and-memory-in-abdulrazak-gurnah-s-by-the-sea/ Ms. Khushboo Thakur, Dr. Navreet Kaur Sahi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-111202414-TheStruggle.pdf The emergence of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is a paradigm shift in English Language Teaching (ELT). Due to the rampant use of mobile devices, there has been an influx of language practice resources anytime and anywhere for the language learners. This article reviews the growth and reliance of MALL in English teaching, its advantages, disadvantages, and why it has the potential to change the normal classroom learning. It is aimed at actual trends and case studies shedding light on mobile apps, social networks, and other technologies that facilitate language learning. The article presents some suggestions on how to adapt MALL in the teaching of the English language for improved results and as a response to the needs of the current generation students. https://ijels.com/detail/mobile-assisted-language-learning-mall-in-english-education-trends-and-developments/ S. Abdul Jabbar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-111202413-Mobil.pdf The Reconstruction in the US (1865-77) is a period set apart by critical social, political, and economic changes. The years preceding that were an agitated period in American history. During this time, African American women scholars essentially impacted the discussion about orientation, race, and personality. This thesis is a comparative report on two of these eminent writers: Harriet Jacobs and Phillis Wheatley. It utilizes qualitative analysis to look at their individual perspectives and distinct narrative styles in the literary productions of the mentioned writers. Also, I will be reviewing literature surrounding the effects of these works on discussions regarding socio-political incidents, for instance, the Civil War. Through looking at primary materials, scholarly data sets in the spheres of gender and race studies within the particular time span, and carrying out an in-depth comparative examination of content, the aim of this thesis is to contribute towards a more extensive and holistic comprehension of American literary legacy. https://ijels.com/detail/african-american-women-writers-before-reconstruction-tackling-socio-political-changes-through-their-words/ Paridhi Bhutra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-111202412-African.pdf Religion, human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly regarded as consisting of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after death. In many traditions, this relation and these concerns are expressed in terms of one’s relationship with or attitude toward gods or spirits; in more humanistic or naturalistic forms of religion, they are expressed in terms of one’s relationship with or attitudes toward the broader human community or the natural world. In many religions, texts are deemed to have scriptural status, and people are esteemed to be invested with spiritual or moral authority. Believers and worshippers participate in and are often enjoined to perform devotional or contemplative practices such as prayer, meditation, or particular rituals. Worship, moral conduct, right belief, and participation in religious institutions are among the constituent elements of the religious life.The subject of religion is discussed in a number of articles. For treatment of major and historical religious traditions. https://ijels.com/detail/religion-is-absolute-in-kannada-literature/ Puttaswamy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-111202421-Religion.pdf Kokkare Hosahalli Shekh Haider Nissar Ahmed (5 February 1936 – 3 May 2020[1]) Was An Indian Poet And Writer In The Kannada Language. He Was Awarded The Padma Shri (2008) The Rajyotsava Award (1981) And The Pampa Award For His Work (2017). He Became A Household Name For His Work Nityotsava (Daily Celebration), Which Is A Poem About Karnataka, A Piece He Composed After Seeing Jog Falls. He Has Numerous Poems, Translations And Children's Books To His Credit. He Is Known For Using Simple Words That Resonate Deeply With The Public In His Literary Work. Nissar Ahmed Was Born In Devanahalli In Bangalore Rural. His Father Was A Government Employee. His Family Moved To Dodda Mavalli In Bangalore. He Grew Up In A Muslim Colony Which Had About 500 Muslim Families. His Father Admitted Him To A Kannada Medium School, With The Objective Of Easing The Path For Him To Secure A Government Job. Most Of The Children In The Neighbourhood Studied Urdu. https://ijels.com/detail/daily-poet-dr-k-s-nisar-ahmed/ Puttaswamy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-111202422-Daily.pdf This study examines Awais Khan's novel Someone Like Her (2023) from a psychoanalytic feminist perspective. It focuses on themes of male chauvinism, gender-based violence, and societal stereotypes. Male chauvinism is a superiority complex that violates a woman’s dignity, and equality and subjugates her both physically and psychologically. It is based on the notion that men are regarded as superior gender to women. It is a concept that has been passed down through centuries and celebrated by society which creates a patriarchal system. Women have long been considered the ‘weaker section’ of society and subordinate to men. Man has perpetuated patriarchy through his physical force and used it for his own gain. Due to this inevitable superiority and subjugation of women, men tend to abuse them both physically and emotionally. The study adopts a qualitative method of analysis to explore how male chauvinistic attitudes lead to gender-based violence against the protagonist, Ayesha. It explores misogynistic maltreatment and examines the societal stereotypes that affect women's portrayal and treatment. Using Nancy Chodorow’s and Juliet Mitchell’s works as a theoretical framework, the research sheds light on how patriarchal structures and gender-biased norms merge to give rise to oppression and gender inequality. This study contributes to understanding the impact of literature in reflecting and challenging societal norms, advocating for gender equality, and empowering marginalized voices. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-male-chauvinism-and-gender-based-violence-in-someone-like-her-a-psychoanalytic-feminist-critique/ Azhar Shah, Dr. Rafiq Nawab https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-111202440-Exploring.pdf The word ‘Modern’ derives from the Latin ‘modo’ meaning ‘current’ ‘new’ ‘contemporary’. With its emphasis on the new, the movement of Modernism encompasses radical ideas and emergent intellectual and pathbreaking ideas of Henri Bergson, Darwin, Freud, Marx, Nietzsche and Einstein from the end of the Nineteenth century until the Second World War. In keeping with the exhortation of its literary guru, Ezra Pound, to ‘make it new’, it set about to establish ‘the tradition of the new’, as articulated by the Art critic, Harold Rosenburg, producing art works which went against the grain of established traditions and conventions. The beginning of the Twentieth century was witness to a diverse variety of aesthetic representation in response to the machine age, to transformational technologies, rapid urbanization, migration to cities, to a world where traditional certainties had departed and the belief in the notion of history and civilization as inherently progressive was shaken to the core. ‘Modernity’ was described by Baudelaire in The Painter of Modern Life (1863) as the fashionable, transient, fleeting and contingent and as opposed to the eternal and the immutable. Literary Modernism is a literature of change and crisis, yet with an insistence on the power of Art to give shape to a world which has lost all stability and order. Yet from this nightmare of history, as depicted by Walter Benjamin, and a sense of fracture and dislocation, from the debris of the traditional world, rises the Eiffel Tower as a symbol of aspiration, a marvellous alloy of modern technology of metallurgy and human creativity. https://ijels.com/detail/the-modernist-novel-an-overview/ Kokila S. Mathur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-111202433-TheModernist.pdf How can a nation so committed to be a leading democracy abroad struggle with inequality and unrest at home? The post-World War II era was significant for the U.S. and their powerful position in the world. By establishing significant security strategies primarily aiming to stop communism, evolved to even broader and stronger global ambitions. The transformation of U.S. strategic defense policies since World War II has profoundly shaped American foreign policy and influenced global politics. Following the most devastating war in the history of mankind, the U.S. authorities have faced numerous challenges such as the Cold War, the War on Terror, and other domestic problems while adopting new approaches towards national security and protecting its national interests. However, this pursuit of international dominance often revealed strong contradictions between America’s global aspirations and its internal realities. In their monograph From Containment to Americanism, Ellias Aghili Dehnavi and Mohammad Alizadeh Jamal successfully show the relevance of the U.S. and their national security strategies, focusing on the transition From Containment to Americanism. The authors employ various methodology methods, including analytical descriptive studies, interviews with experts, and extensive library research. This multifaceted approach enables a thorough exploration of how U.S. policies have evolved over decades, shaped by both internal ideologies and external pressures. By delving into the ideological framework of Americanism, tracing its roots to foundational U.S. documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The perspective presents Americanism as a rationale for promoting democracy and freedom abroad. Through careful analysis, the authors reveal the nature of U.S. foreign policy—one characterized by expansive global ambitions supported by ideological principles, often at the expense of addressing internal challenges. By examining the historical complexities of U.S. strategies and their implications for contemporary politics, From Containment to Americanism reflects on the balance between America’s role as a global leader and the challenges it faces domestically. https://ijels.com/detail/national-security-strategies-and-ideological-continuity-the-u-s-from-truman-to-trump-a-book-review/ Artyom Papyan, Julia Grebenstein https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-111202439-NationalSecurity.pdf This paper gives insights into the bibliographic analysis of the integrated mission of the United Nations (UN) over the last two decades. The data were analysed using a visualization tool, VOSviewer, for bibliometric analysis to provide insights into the present research areas, and emerging trends related to the study and also to understand the gap in research and the trend of work and the future direction of work. The data were retrieved and fine-tuned from the Web of Science database during the period 2005-2024 for the present analysis. The methodology includes searching and screening for related articles in a Web of Science database, software selection and extraction of datasets, and lastly, analyzing the obtained results and patterns followed. This study also illustrates that the quantum of UN-related articles has increased in the last two decades by 11.29%. The significant contribution of Organizations among the UN agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and among the Universities is the University of London. The visual overlay map of the co-occurrence of author keywords shows that keywords “United Nations”, “Co-ordination”, “management”, and “governance” are frequently occurring in the relevant published work. The results of the research area show that environmental sciences and ecology, veterinary sciences, public health and occupational health are the topics more focused for publication. The keyword occurrence map reveals that many topics are still not explored enough like terrorism, peace keeping and religiosity. https://ijels.com/detail/a-bibliographic-analysis-of-united-nations-integrated-missions/ Jyothisson George https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-111202430-ABibliographic.pdf This paper takes the English translation of the reports to the work of Beijing municipal government over the past seven years as data to conduct discourse construction research on the strategic content of “rural revitalization”. Result shows that the English version of government work report helps to build a specific discourse ecosystem, and to convey a voice internationally. Through the related information about the in-depth implementation and comprehensive promotion of the rural revitalization strategy in Beijing, which is based on local circumstances and can present the distinctive economic image of the capital, the report demonstrates the pragmatic style of the government and its people-oriented responsibility. The study helps to understand the discourse construction characteristics of political strategy in foreign communication, thus enabling the international community to better understand the planning, implementation as well as the distinctive achievements of that strategy, in order to better understand China through Beijing, capital as the window towards the world. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-international-communication-discourse-on-beijing-rural-revitalization-strategy/ Weina Li https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-111202439-AnAnalysis.pdf In Shakespeare's King Lear, the protagonist’s journey from powerful monarch to vulnerable beggar serves as a profound exploration of identity and transformation. This paper examines Lear’s metamorphosis, focusing on how his shifting sense of self reflects broader themes of authority, vulnerability, and human frailty. At the outset, Lear defines his identity through his royal power and relationship with his daughters, but his misguided decisions lead to his downfall, initiating a process of personal and psychological unraveling. The Fool and Lear’s madness serve as pivotal moments, forcing him to confront the discrepancy between self-deception and self-awareness. Stripped of his kingdom and family, Lear’s transformation into a beggar marks a profound shift in his understanding of identity. In the absence of external markers of power, Lear gains insight into his own humanity, recognizing the universality of suffering and the impermanence of authority. Ultimately, this paper argues that Lear’s tragic transformation is not just a loss of status but an awakening to self-knowledge. His death, while tragic, represents the completion of his transformation, as he gains a deeper understanding of love, humility, and the fragility of human existence. Through this process, King Lear offers a poignant meditation on the nature of identity and its complex, often fragile, formation. https://ijels.com/detail/identity-and-transformation-in-king-lear-from-king-to-beggar/ Ajit Mondal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-111202438-Identity.pdf Education highly enables the individual to get better job opportunities, which leads to personal development, social development, and economic stability (UNESCO, 2021). Education equips the individual with skills to sustain their career, business, and financial life. Higher educational attainment often tends to be associated with higher wages in the workforce (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020). In addition, education improves quality of life, social empowerment, and economic stability at the national level (World Bank, 2018). Individuals with a good educational background are more likely to make better decisions in planning for their families, managing finances, and achieving economic independence (OECD, 2019). Education is not just about income; it also develops personal growth, financial security, and social development (Psacharopoulos & Patrinos, 2018). It is a trigger for skill building, social status, and quality of life. Poverty, inequality, injustice, unemployment, child marriage, and discrimination can be discouraged through education (UNDP, 2019). https://ijels.com/detail/unlocking-opportunities-the-socioeconomic-impact-of-quality-education/ Masoom Ali https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-11120246-Unlocking.pdf Postmodern literature is considered as a special approach of literature keeping in mind its ideological and stylistic features. As a genre of literature it is not confined within any boundary. Rather it is suggestive of “Zero-boundary”. ‘Postmodern’ is not a time zone or it does signify any particular time. But the postmodern school appeared before us with the intensity of discussion in the decade of 80s of Twentieth Century considering a radical change in sociological perspective. After Second world War the term ‘postmodern’ was applied on several subjects such as literature, art, architect, sociology, philosophy, film, communication and so on. Though it is said that postmodern is not sequel of modern, yet we cannot ignore the concepts of modern while discussing postmodern. In literature the features regarded as postmodern often were applied and are being still applied in poetry. Bengali poetry does not strictly follow the features of European postmodern aspects. It contains its own stylistics devices in reflecting postmodern swing. Binayak Bandyapadhyay, a poet of the “Shunya Dashak” of Bengali poetry is very much experimental in his creative output. His anthology namely “Sambhabami”, published from Signet Press is genuinely regarded as a postmodern discourse of the “Srimad Bhagvad Gita”. In this article I intend to mark the postmodern ethos found in the said anthology of Binayak Bandyapadhyay. https://ijels.com/detail/binayak-bandyopadhyay-s-sambhabami-a-collection-of-bengali-poems-a-postmodern-appraisal/ Ayan Kanti Ghosh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-111202436-Binayak.pdf The image of Chinese women in official media is a crucial component of China’s national image. The story of Wang Yaping, an outstanding female astronaut, is widely promoted worldwide, influencing foreign perceptions of the country. Using Fairclough’s Three-dimensional Model as a guiding framework, this study analyzes how China Daily constructs Wang’s image. The study yields three major findings: (1) China Daily depict Wang as a space hero to China, a female role model and a knowledge disseminator, linking her personal achievements to national development and emphasizing her qualities such as persistence and approachability; (2) the newspaper balances the authenticity and vividness, provides properly detailed and concise reports and demonstrates objective and immersive narrative of Wang’s story; (3) Wang’s image combines the people’s aspirations and social mainstream values, encourages women to pursue higher achievements and creates a positive international image for China. This study may investigate a new perspective to the field of female image research in China. https://ijels.com/detail/corpus-assisted-critical-discourse-analysis-of-female-image-construction-in-china-daily-a-case-study-of-reports-on-female-astronaut-wang-yaping/ Rui Liu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-111202431-Corpus-assisted.pdf Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravels in the aftermath of a catastrophic event, where civilization has crumbled, leaving behind a desolate world. Its central theme revolves around survival - the instinctual drive of characters to stay alive amidst chaos, scarcity, and danger. These narratives explore the resilience of humanity, the loss of societal norms, and the pursuit of hope in dire circumstances. The strategy of survival is different for each survivor of every story - ranging from combating the outbreak of a deadly virus to coping with a world ending natural disaster. The novels of Cormac McCarthy, a prominent figure in modern American Fiction, tell the tale of a struggle for human survival. The novels of Emily St John Mandel also depict realistic scenarios where survival of humans is threatened. This paper intends to analyse the various survival strategies adopted by the characters of the selected post-apocalyptic fiction by the above mentioned authors in order to tackle the life threatening circumstances they are presented with. https://ijels.com/detail/the-struggle-to-stay-alive-a-comparative-study-of-the-survival-strategies-in-cormac-mccarthy-s-the-road-and-emily-st-john-mandel-s-station-eleven/ Seema Tiwari, Dr. Mamta Bisht https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-111202442-TheStruggle.pdf Despite notable improvements in the social conditions of villages across Haryana, significant challenges remain for a large segment of the population, particularly in accessing higher education and essential services. While the government has made considerable efforts to provide basic facilities in rural areas, many residents continue to struggle with inadequate healthcare, education, and sanitation. To gain deeper insights into these persistent issues, a detailed case study was conducted in Hansawas Khurd village, situated in the Charkhi Dadri District. The study focused on evaluating various indicators of education and socio-economic status among rural households. Key aspects analyzed included household facilities, levels of educational achievement, employment patterns, and income distribution. The research utilized primary data collected from 60 households, covering a total of 150 respondents. By examining this data, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the community's access to essential resources and the impact of infrastructure development on their daily lives. https://ijels.com/detail/a-socio-economic-study-of-hansawas-khurd-village-of-charkhi-dadri-district/ Amita Kumari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-112202427-ASocio.pdf This study aimed to assess the level attitude towards learning English of the Senior High School STEM students in Siocon District, Division of Zamboanga del Norte during the school year 2022-2023. Frequency count and percent, weighted mean, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test were the statistical tools used in the study. There were two hundred forty (240) respondents involved in the survey. The study revealed that most of the respondents were females, 18 years and above, most of them were grade 12 and majority of them were Bisaya/Cebuano. The study revealed that behavioral attitudes level toward learning English was high, cognitive attitudes level toward learning English was high, and affective attitudes level toward learning English was high. There was no significant difference in the perceived of level students’ attitudes toward learning English in terms of sex, age, grade level and ethnic group. Based on the findings, it is recommended that teachers should elevate the students' attitudes, and their interest in English should increase because of the teachers' provision of worthwhile activities, such as but not limited to remedial instruction, extracurricular English activities, and language-related programs. https://ijels.com/detail/students-attitudes-toward-learning-english-among-senior-high-school-stem-students-in-siocon-district-division-of-zamboanga-del-norte-basis-for-proposed-intervention-program/ Jonilyn M. Busca-Monteroso, James O. Baes https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-111202435-Students.pdf Since the Holocaust genre held its significance in terms of literature and cultural memory, it served as a medium for preserving historical truth, which can also foster empathy and develop critical thinking skills among individuals. This study explores the significance of using the Holocaust genre to understand the conceptual metaphor through two notable works: The Tattooist of Auschwitz by Heather Morris and The Librarian of Auschwitz by Antonio Iturbe. Indeed, the use of these two novels could bridge the gap between historical events and the readers using Lakoff’s The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, offering new insight into the roles of metaphor in representing Holocaust survivors’ experience during wartime, which underlines the concept related to survival, identity, moral ambiguity, atrocity, etc. https://ijels.com/detail/revealing-depth-the-significance-of-the-holocaust-genre-in-understanding-conceptual-metaphor-through-the-tattooist-of-auschwitz-and-the-librarian-of-auschwitz/ Pakthima Supanchaikul https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-111202447-Revealing.pdf The day-to day micro-governance of the world’s largest democracy is performed through the multi-tiered machinery of the Indian Administrative Service which was established by the East India Company as the Indian Civil Service in the late eighteenth century. Ontologically perceived, it is an immensely complex system, devised by the administrators of a colonial government to rule a group of ‘natives’ with whom they had hardly anything in common. The inevitable heavy influx of Indians into the service post-Independence has only accentuated its hybrid nature. This article seeks to understand the hybrid nature of this system and its representatives through the fictional representation by Upamanyu Chatterjee of the “steel frame” of the welfare state. In Upamanyu Chatterjee’s novels, English, August (1988) and its sequel The Mammaries of the Welfare State (2000), the protagonist, Agastya Sen, an IAS officer, is a classic representation of the hybridity of the system that he serves. Burdened with the name of a mythical Indian Saint, Agastya, the son of a Hindu Bengali father and a Goanese Christian mother, epitomizes the in-betweenness of the postcolonial subject. His missionary education and Anglicized upbringing have conferred upon him several nicknames like August and English. His existential crisis comes to a head when he finds himself taxed with the task of understanding the system of governance in the far-off district of Madna as a trainee officer. This article seeks to understand Agastya’s plight as symptomatic of the problems inherent within the structure of the Indian Administrative Service and the state of India itself. Using the theoretical framework developed by Homi K Bhabha in The Location of Culture, I would like to understand Agastya as a postcolonial ‘mimic’ subject and the system he represents as a ‘hybrid’ and ‘ambivalent’ one. https://ijels.com/detail/from-mimicry-to-mockery-a-reading-of-upamanyu-chatterjee-s-ias-novels/ Chandrima Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-11220241-FromMimicry.pdf In Aditi Banerjee's The Curse of Gandhari, Gandhari’s self-imposed blindness operates as a central narrative prosthesis, deeply influencing the development of her character and the thematic direction of the novel. Narrative prosthesis refers to the use of disability to advance the plot, reveal deeper meanings, or shape the trajectory of character development. Gandhari’s voluntary blindness serves multiple purposes—it reflects her internal conflict, symbolizes her moral dilemmas, and becomes a powerful metaphor for the blindness of power, fate, and maternal helplessness. This article examines how Gandhari’s blindness not only reflects her psychological state but also drives the narrative forward, making it an indispensable tool in the novel’s exploration of patriarchal restrictions, moral blindness, and the tragic weight of maternal responsibility. https://ijels.com/detail/unseeing-truths-gandhari-s-blindness-as-narrative-prosthesis-in-the-curse-of-gandhari-by-aditi-banerjee/ Athira S. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-112202415-Unseeing.pdf This paper undertakes a critical analysis of Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Guzaarish (2010) via the interdisciplinary framework of Disability Studies, emphasising the intricate relationship between representation, agency, and socio-cultural ideology. The film focusses on Ethan Mascarenhas, a quadriplegic ex- magician, whose request for euthanasia generates conflicting narratives on autonomy, masculinity, and the commodification of suffering. This study employs the critical insights of academics such as Margrit Shildrick, David T. Mitchell, and Sharon L. Snyder to examine the interconnections of disability, vulnerability, and posthuman embodiment within cinematic discourse. The paper analyses how Guzaarish (2010) both romanticises and problematises disability, presenting it within an aestheticised tragedy while addressing Ethan’s charismatic agency. This paper examines how the film’s portrayal of Ethan’s dependency redefines conventional masculinity and contests dominant notions of bodily perfection through posthumanist lens. This paper characterises Guzaarish (2010) as a contradictory work that alternates between reinforcing disability stereotypes as a manifestation of loss and offering instances of subversion that suggest the recovery of agency and dignity within the limitations of cinematic conventions. This paper elucidates the conflicts within Bollywood’s engagement with disability as both a narrative and visual construct, providing new insights into its capacity for critique and complicity in sustaining ableist ideologies. https://ijels.com/detail/a-spectacle-of-suffering-disability-euthanasia-and-posthumanism-in-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-guzaarish/ Chitra Pachouri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-112202414-ASpectacle.pdf This paper examines the Eurocentric bias that plagues the discipline of political science and explores ways to evaluate geography. Historically, political science has been dominated by Western theories and methods, leaving non-Western political theories lacking. This Eurocentrism not only ignores the diversity of international politics, but also leads to international conflict. This paper argues for a more unified and representative approach to politics by examining the political realm, the laws that currently govern, and the integration of Global South theory into international relations theory. This paper also explores the need to address research using alternative methods that reflect the complexity of non-Western political systems. Finally, decolonizing political science requires not only a broadening of inquiry but also a rethinking of the discipline’s fundamental assumptions in order to create a more equitable and universal understanding of politics. https://ijels.com/detail/the-politics-of-decolonization-addressing-eurocentrism-in-politics-and-policy/ Shahid Ul Haq Wani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-112202426-ThePolitics.pdf Cultural relics contain rich historical and cultural information, and their English translation is an important part of cross-cultural communication. There are numerous cultural relics in the Liangzhu site, which represent the late Neolithic culture. This article analyzes the translation methods based on the requirements of translation of the cultural relics. The author intends to adopt the literal translation, annotations, and free translations. Through translation the author hope that the target readers can better understand the Liangzhu cultural relics and promote the dissemination of Chinese culture and Liangzhu culture. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-the-english-translation-of-names-of-cultural-relics-a-case-study-of-cultural-relics-excavated-from-the-liangzhu-site/ Jin Jiabei https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-111202417-AStudyon.pdf Multimedia-based Instructional Material nowadays become teachers’ ultimate equipment to stimulate learner’s interest. This descriptive-correlational study investigates the impact of Multimedia-Based instructional materials on students' learning achievement in Literature. The evaluation encompasses experts' assessments of Podcast Instructional Material, PowerPoint Video Material, and Digital Modular Material, focusing on content, relevance, visual appeal, and instructional quality. Additionally, it examines learning achievement in Literature of the Grade 9 students of Telafas National High School, their pre-test and post-test results among control and experimental groups using various multimedia approaches, including Podcast Instructional Material, PowerPoint, and Video Presentation were tested. Findings reveal high-quality Multimedia-Based Instructional Materials, with the Podcast Instructional Material, PowerPoint Video Material, and Video Presentation receiving commendable ratings across evaluated dimensions. Pre-test results indicate students' literary achievements below expectations, with post-test outcomes varying across experimental groups, ranging from fairly satisfactory to very satisfactory. Moreover, significant disparities exist between pre-test and post-test results among control and experimental groups, underscoring the efficacy of multimedia-based approaches. The study concludes that Multimedia-Based Instruction Materials, including Podcast, PowerPoint, and Video Presentation, significantly enhance students' literature achievement. Overall, this research highlights the effectiveness of integrating multimedia resources such as Podcasts, PowerPoint, and Video Presentations in literature education. The findings underscore the potential of multimedia-based approaches to elevate learning outcomes and improve students' engagement and understanding in Literature instruction. Consequently, educators and curriculum developers are encouraged to consider multimedia resources as valuable tools for enhancing learning experiences and promoting academic success in literary studies. https://ijels.com/detail/multimedia-based-instructional-materials-and-students-learning-achievement-in-literature/ Crispher P. Manginyog, Cristobal M. Ambayon https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-111202432-Multimedia.pdf The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Cable News Network (CNN) are pivotal actors in the global media ecosystem, wielding significant influence on public opinion, political discourse, and international diplomacy. This essay explores their roles as agents of soft power, examining how their coverage shapes global perceptions and aligns with the foreign policy objectives of their home nations. Through case studies such as the Arab Spring, the Hong Kong protests, and the Syrian Civil War, the analysis highlights their capacity to amplify democratic ideals and humanitarian narratives. However, it also critiques their tendency to oversimplify complex geopolitical realities, framing events through dichotomous lenses like democracy versus authoritarianism. Both networks serve as instruments of public diplomacy, projecting cultural and political values to global audiences. The BBC, as a publicly funded entity, reinforces British ideals of fairness and free speech, while CNN, despite its private ownership, often mirrors American democratic values. Their contributions to agenda-setting and narrative framing underscore their dual roles as informers and influencers. However, challenges such as perceived bias and editorial slant raise critical ethical questions. By dissecting their historical and contemporary impact, this discussion elucidates the intricate interplay between media, power, and international relations, emphasizing the need for balanced and nuanced reporting. https://ijels.com/detail/cnn-and-bbc-shaping-the-opinions-in-different-countries-a-multi-dimensional-descriptive-commentary-related-to-security-military-and-diplomacy/ Ramazan Safa, Mohammad Barati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-112202442-CNN.pdf The paper examines the vicissitudes of identity vis-à-vis vulnerability of Rosie, a transgender person in Geetanjali Shree’s, Tomb of Sand (a Hindi-language fiction translated into English by an American translator, Daisy Rockwell) that won the International Booker Prize in 2022 from a queer theory and transgender theory framework. As the author situates Rosie in ‘vulnerablility’ of varied sorts – gender, class and so on, the paper explores how Geetanjali Shree opens up analysis and debate of issues such as invisibility, transphobia, intersectionality of identities, ‘central self’, the ‘double bind’ of gender representation and sexed body, gender fluidity and personal empowerment in context of transgenderism. Further, the paper aims to gain an insight into the manner in which the author weaves her way through the issues related to transgenderism to not just enter into the historically contested, complex and dynamic understanding of gender and sexuality but to also present her own articulations on the questions related to the epistemology of the two. https://ijels.com/detail/vulnerable-or-and-resistant-transgender-worlds-and-constructions-of-identity/ Bulbul Gupta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-112202436-Vulnerable.pdf This study aimed to determine the school heads’ leadership skills and their relationship to work engagement among the teachers of Piñan District, Schools Division of Zamboanga del Norte during the school year 2023-2024. The study employed a descriptive correlational research method. Frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis H Test, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (Spearman rho) were the statistical tools used with Jamovi as statistical software. There were ninety (90) teacher-respondents involved. The study revealed that the level of school heads' leadership skills was very high and the teachers were very highly engaged in their respective work assignments. There was no significant difference in the level of school heads' leadership skills and the perceived level of work engagement. There was a significant medium/moderate positive correlation between the levels of school heads’ leadership skills and work engagement. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the author recommends that Top DepEd Officials, through the Schools Governance and Operations Division (SGOD) would use the findings of this study to validate the School - Based Management (SBM) practices of the school heads in the district. The teachers would also use the findings of the study as the basis for reflection on the importance of school heads’ leadership skills and work engagement towards attaining a high level of SBM practice. https://ijels.com/detail/school-heads-leadership-skills-and-teachers/ Yleonah Mar B. Largo, Shirley G. Bellino, Leynie Boy G. Bellino, Leo C. Naparota https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-112202435-School.pdf A significant barrier to women's progression in society is online harassment, which has an impact on their social engagement, profession development, and personal welfare. Serious psychological effects including anxiety, despair, and emotional agony can arise from this type of abuse, which includes hate speech, and gender-based discrimination. In the workplace, women encounter obstacles to advancement, decreased public participation, especially in fields where males dominate. In addition to limiting commercial options and discouraging civic engagement, online abuse also strengthens gender inequity. Women may stop participating in freelance labor or internet business endeavors, which has a significant economic impact as well. The issue is further made worse by the absence of strong legal protections, which exposes women to further danger. Women's physical security, home life, and academic endeavors are all impacted by cyberbullying. A multidimensional strategy is needed to solve these issues, one that includes improved legal safeguards, heightened public awareness, and supportive systems that allow women to fully engage in all facets of social development. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-of-online-harassment-on-women-s-societal-development/ D. Geetha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-112202421-TheImpact.pdf This paper explores Nepal's local governance after the endorsement of the Constitution in 2015. The Constitution identifies the local government (LG) as the lowest unit of government with no constitutional provision for the opposition group. The paper analyzes it from the perspective of government to governance using primary and secondary data. LG is the closest form of government envisioned by the Constitution. LGs in Nepal have played a crucial role in institutionalizing local governance, promoting democratic values, and accelerating social and economic development. However, these objectives are partly accomplished, despite constitutional provisions. There is still much work to complete at the local level to develop the necessary capability for promoting and distributing services and infrastructure. Though it concludes with recommendations for improving local governance, citizen dissatisfaction and political and bureaucratic dishonesty pose risks to their capacity development. It aims to address the extent to which local governments can implement constitutional rights to transform communities, revealing that more capacity is needed for restructuring, citizen engagement, partnerships, technical, administrative, and fiscal capacity, and law formulation. Major arguments remain unanswered. https://ijels.com/detail/the-constitution-of-nepal-2015-and-the-capacity-of-government-to-governance-in-local-governments/ Sarmila Bagale https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-112202463-TheConstitution.pdf This study attempts to read the context that male chauvinist oppression is not only held in the former ages but also exists in contemporary society. When I Hit You: Or, The Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife (2017) is a meditation on love, marriage, violence and how someone who is a feminist gets trapped in an abusive marriage. This book takes the readers through structures of toxic masculinity and patriarchy which allow violence to be perpetuated.The novel portrays the torture inflicted by an ideologically conflicted revolutionary husband to his wife. He is not manifesting the ideology he is boasting off. Ideologies have an explanatory function: they provide explanations for the facts and problems of social life, enabling individuals and groups to orientate themselves in society, but the man in the novel is building traumas in his wife’s life. https://ijels.com/detail/ideologies-of-a-chauvinist-a-study-on-the-personal-vs-social-dichotomy-in-when-i-hit-you-or-a-portrait-of-the-writer-as-a-young-wife/ Vinaya Peter https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-112202440-Ideologies.pdf At the threshold of commemorating seventy-seven years of Indian independence, the shadows of cataclysmic incident of Partition and its aftermath cannot be obliterated. The political upheaval at the midnight is historicized with demographics analysing the root cause of the division and creation of two states and accounts glorifying the independence movement catering to the purpose of nationalistic fervour but the heart wrenching accounts of human suffering recorded in literary works by the writers writing from the opposite sides of the great divide narrate the unsayable experiences of the millions of people who were once living in a harmonious ambience in the undivided India. The holocaust of partition portrayed more sensitively in the literary works coming from the affected nations leaves an impact on the people . Annals of history are stained with the ghastly violence , rape, abduction and genocide arising from the split of Indian subcontinent . This man-made calamity disproportionately affected women. They were kidnapped, sexually assaulted, humiliated in public, and had their genitalia cut off. In addition, their families murdered them in the sake of honour, and many of them were compelled to kill themselves to preserve their honour. The bleak memories associated with partition reflected in diverse narratives demonstrate the horrible reality. This paper aims to investigate the catastrophic effect of partition on women through the thematic analysis of the short stories written by Indian authors Rajinder Singh Bedi and Krishna Chander and Pakistani authors Saadat Hasan Manto and Jameela Hashmi https://ijels.com/detail/fragmented-lives-analyzing-genocidal-trauma-and-the-plight-of-abducted-women-during-the-partition-in-select-indian-and-pakistani-short-fiction/ Shradha Gupta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-112202423-Fragmented.pdf Since the beginning of Chinese American literature in the United States, the identity issue of the Chinese American community has received much attention from Chinese American writers. Gene Luen Yang’s graphic novel American Born Chinese tells the story of the protagonist Jin Wang who experiences his identity crisis due to the ethnicity as a Chinese American. Following the protagonist’s frustrating attempt of getting accepted into the white American society, constructing an affective model of shame, and through the philosophical perspective of “body without organs” of Deleuze and Guattari, it is to be argued that the genesis and resolution of Jin’s identity crisis is actually, as the intensity of affect changes, a process of de-territorialization and entering the state of “body without organs”, which also depicts the authentic living conditions of people of color who are kept dissociated and marginalized from the white American society. https://ijels.com/detail/do-bodies-without-organs-feel-shame-an-affective-approach-of-identity-crisis-in-gene-luen-yang-s-american-born-chinese/ Zicong Fan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-112202439-DoBodies.pdf In every society, there are some segments of people who are wealthy and have supreme authority over the means of production. They tend to exploit those with limited or no access to socio-economic opportunities. In postcolonial terms, these people are referred to as subalterns who are systematically excluded from a society’s established structures. It also speaks about those people who are discriminated against based on race, gender, caste, status, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or religious affiliations. Literature plays a pivotal role in subaltern lives by providing them assistance through which they can express themselves freely. The present study tries to explore the voices of subaltern subjects by bringing on surface the oppression, violence, and suppression through Gurdial Singh’s The Last Flicker (1964) and Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance (1995). Though these writers come from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and ethnicities, their works depict the mutual concept of the inhuman treatment of the subaltern subjects. Their protagonists are unconventional and rebellious. They make their own identity even though consistently suppressed by dominant ideologies. The author’s concern for the downtrodden and subaltern characters is visible through their writings. Both authors explore themes of marginalization, socio-political issues, and the impact of power structures on subaltern groups. https://ijels.com/detail/beyond-the-elite-gaze-a-comparative-study-to-unveil-the-subaltern-voices-through-gurdial-singh-s-the-last-flicker-and-rohinton-mistry-s-a-fine-balance/ Randeep Kaur, Mahesh Arora https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-112202447-Beyond.pdf In Manini.J.Anandani’s Mandodari, Queen of Lanka the author employs memory as a tool for the narrative of the persona as well as an era. The narrative is in the form of recollections by Mandodari, who is extolled as the pious and virtuous queen of the mighty king of Lanka in the epic tale. In this process of recreation, the hidden aspects of his personality and character came to the fore. As her memory took the form of a narrative, it is revealed how he shouldered the responsibility of the emancipation and the upliftment of his race from a very early age onwards, how he along with his siblings were treated as half-castes, how the knowledge of Vedas was denied to him and so on. Mandodari’s recollections never attempt to obliterate the dark corners of Dashaanan’s character. Her narrative provides an alternate representation of the cliched narration of the epics, thus creating a counter narrative of the familiar tales of Ramayana. As Mandodari walks down the memory lane, the entire discourse of Ramayana necessitated a reconstitution as Ravana is viewed through the eyes of a person who knows him from within. Her memory recreates Ravana as Dashaanan, remoulded him to an individual who is not familiar to the readers of mythology. https://ijels.com/detail/memory-as-counter-narrative-a-subaltern-ramayana/ Sreekala.B https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-112202445-Memory.pdf Charles Dickens is famous for his depiction of stereotypical female characters like Dora, Emily, Agnes, Amy, Florence, Nancy, Esther, Estella, Biddy etc. Interestingly, there are a number of girls in a few novels of Dickens who can however not be reduced into any of the above stereotypes as they do not conform to the standards of the Victorian society with ease. They are represented as characters voicing out their repressed state of existence from which they strongly desire to escape. Although these characters are generally seen as minor characters, they are shown to be much in tune with the voices of dissent raised against the patriarchal role of the Victorian society in terms of the restrictions that it imposes on girls from their childhood. This study will try to talk about the oppressed and traumatic childhood of a select set of Dickensian novels. It will focus upon the characters like Caddy Jellyby from Bleak House, Kate Nickleby from Nicholas Nickleby, Tattycoram from Little Dorrit and trace these early voices of resistance raised against their tormented girlhood as depicted in the novels. This study will also deal with the various dimensions of the nineteenth century Victorian idea of the girl child and the discourses associated with the sex and gender issues of the age while trying to locate the position of Dickens in his manner of representation of the above mentioned characters in the relevant novels. https://ijels.com/detail/tracing-the-voices-of-resistance-representation-of-tormented-girlhood-in-select-novels-of-dickens/ Kyamalia Bairagya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-112202469-Tracing.pdf Rajarao was one of the most significant Indian novelists in English during the middle decades of the 20th century. His novel ‘Kanthapura’ explores the facts of the freedom struggle in India. The novel basically deals with how Gandhi Gad influenced the minds of the Indians. This article also explores how the people of Kanthapura were influenced by Gandhi's thought. https://ijels.com/detail/gandhian-thought-in-rajarao-s-kanthapura/ Dr. N. Solomon Benny https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-1102024112-Gandhian.pdf Literature has long expressed concern about ecology and the harm that ongoing environmental misuse poses. Even when addressing the beauty and majesty of nature, literature has always depicted the awareness of the writers about the threat that ongoing environmental abuse poses to humanity and the issue of ecology. This concern and how it is reflected in literature are what have given rise to Ecocriticism, a new subfield of literary study. Nature has been the focus of many artistic mediums and has been treated in poetry in particular. Indian poets who have celebrated diversity include Toru Dutt, Keki N. Daruwalla, Sarojini Naidu, A.K. Ramanujan, Dip Chitre, and many others. On the one hand, it assumes the form of a strength that serves as a mother goddess, a godly spirit, or a friend of humanity. Nature is a major component of both thematic and creative components in poetic expressions, regardless of the form it takes. Many natural elements, including skies, lakes, rivers, valleys, plants, animals, and creatures, frequently take on metaphorical meaning that gives poetry works depth and richness. Modern Indian English poetry is characterized by an eco-conscious outlook and mindset that speaks to our globalized society and even forewarns us of impending disasters brought on by environmental degradation. The purpose of the study is to examine a few Indian English poets who began to focus on an ecocritical perspective on humankind. https://ijels.com/detail/reflection-of-ecocriticism-in-indian-poetry/ Dr. Kiran Mani Tripathi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-112202460-Reflection.pdf This research paper examines the transformative impact of India's National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) on holistic and multidisciplinary education. Released in July 2020, NEP replaces the 1986 framework to address evolving educational requirements through comprehensive reforms from primary to higher education levels. The policy emphasizes technology integration, research promotion, and infrastructure enhancement while preserving indigenous knowledge systems. A key focus is modernizing libraries through digital resources, including e-books and e-journals, to facilitate research and improve accessibility. The policy recognizes libraries as crucial centers for learning and cultural preservation, particularly in promoting local and indigenous knowledge from the primary education level. By mandating infrastructure strengthening at both school and higher education levels, NEP 2020 ensures institutions receive adequate resources for implementation. The policy's vision extends beyond traditional academic frameworks to foster holistic student development through enhanced learning resources and community library engagement. This research analyzes how these multifaceted approaches contribute to creating a more flexible, effective, and culturally responsive education system in India. Thus, NEP 2020 envisions enhancing holistic and multidisciplinary development in students by boosting their learning and by inculcating their habits of reading through community libraries. https://ijels.com/detail/the-changing-dynamics-of-indian-education-for-holistic-and-multidisciplinary-development-a-literary-review-of-nep-2020/ Monika Chaudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-112202466-TheChanging.pdf This research was used to find out how the process of adapting management students' interpersonal communication in the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. As social creatures, humans are required to always interact with other humans, especially in the process of interaction and communication in the learning process. The learning process is an obligation carried out by every student during their education. The theory used in this research is communication adaptation theory using research methods, data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation using a qualitative research method approach. Based on data collected by researchers obtained from interviews with informants and observations in the field, it was found that there was an adaptation of management students' interpersonal communication in the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the communication adaptation process, there are five communication adaptation strategies, namely student openness, student empathy, support between students, positive student feelings and student equality in the online learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. Where the results of this research are changes in communication interactions which led to student adaptation, which was initially face-to-face and then changed to online learning. Adaptation of communication involving management students. Adaptation can be seen in communication between students and lecturers, which does not go well, which results in students being passive and indifferent. Assignments given in groups aim to explore communication between friends, but are not carried out very effectively between students due to mismatches in the time of each member, and students still feel reluctant about the lecturer, so they communicate with the lecturer through class representatives. https://ijels.com/detail/adaptation-of-management-students-interpersonal-communication-in-the-learning-process-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Abdul Rahman, Vania Utamie Subiakto, Farid Hamid Umarela https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-112202468-Adaptation.pdf This paper explores the themes of identity politics and dehumanisation in Mahesh Dattani’s Dance Like a Man (1989) and Manjula Padmanabhan’s Harvest (1997). Both plays explore the sociocultural and political implications of identity while acknowledging the transformative effects of late capitalism on actual landscapes. The selected works examine the tension between personal desire, economic disparity, societal expectations, and commodification of human life. While Dattani critiques traditional gender norms, Padmanabhan addresses the intersections of global capitalism. This paper argues that both plays expose the ideology of prevailing capitalism, producing pre-constituted subjects in which one’s role in society is predetermined. By examining the dynamic of social identity, the study locates analysis within the politics of space vis-à-vis power relations that reconstruct dominant hierarchal organisation and its implication to govern subordinates. https://ijels.com/detail/identity-politics-and-dehumanisation-in-manjula-padmanabhan-s-harvest-and-mahesh-dattani-s-dance-like-a-man/ Suraj Soni, Dr Vipan Pal Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-112202471-Identity.pdf The love song of Alfred j prufrock is a masterpiece of the modern times. With the overlapping of the post modern over the modern times this piece of poetry has opened the attributes of an archetypal lover of both the times to be similar and also different. Classifying the text of the poem with the text of a contemporary novel as having striking similarities and undoable differences this paper strives to glue the times together and assert the commonness in discourse of love. https://ijels.com/detail/an-archetypal-post-modern-lover-as-depicted-in-the-poem-the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock/ Sona Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-112202458-Anarchetypal.pdf Bill Brown’s ‘Thing Theory’ (2001) introduces the radical idea of the difference between ‘objects’ and ‘things’. For Brown an object is an entity which is functional and therefore obedient and docile drawing no significant attention from the user. A thing on the other hand is a recalcitrant object who has shed its utilitarian property and specifically by becoming non-functional makes its presence felt in the user’s /onlooker’s consciousness. This chapter uses Brown’s ‘Thing Theory’ (2001) as a tool to demonstrate that objects can be explored as both gendered and gender-ambivalent entities following their anthropomorphisation — a mass scale phenomenon Brown himself emphasises. This chapter argues that through the process of humanisation and subsequent internalisation objects can impact human perception of themselves in lasting and therefore powerful ways. https://ijels.com/detail/sex-of-things-an-exploration-of-bill-brown-s-things-through-the-lens-of-gender/ Nivedita Chatterjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-112202432-Sexof.pdf Shashi Deshpande, one of the prominent Indo-Anglian writers, captures tension, trauma, and turmoil of the post-colonial Indian women in her writings. Her novels, especially, deal with the struggles, and daily battles of the middle-class female characters whose stories remain neglected, unheard, and silent in the patriarchal society. Though Deshpande’s female characters remain in confinement, subjugation, and silence in the male-controlled society, but they attempt to show resistance by confronting the difficulties, breaking silence, and learning to speak. Thus, they contest their subaltern conditions. Deshpande uses consciousness of the protagonists as the site to challenge the repressive forces that dominate, and control women in the Indian society. The rise of awareness and self-consciousness enable the protagonists to search for self-fulfillment, and self-identity. Thus, this paper aims to show the protagonist, Saru’s pursuit to attain selfhood, and subjectivity against gender stereotyping in a male-dominated society in The Dark Holds No Terror through feminist, psychoanalytic, and post-colonial perspectives. https://ijels.com/detail/breaking-the-silence-the-quest-for-self-in-shashi-deshpande-s-the-dark-holds-no-terror/ Israt Jahan Nimni, Refat Sultana Jahan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-112202457-Breaking.pdf https://ijels.com/detail/a-life-course-analysis-of-the-exclusion-and-denial-of-agency-among-women-with-disabilities/ Neelaksh Pithauria https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-102202520-ALife.pdf This paper aims to explore William Shakespeare’s Hamlet as one of the most intense, profound, and complicated tragedies in the literary canon. The objective is to analyze revenge as the central theme in the drama through the lens of Aristotelian tragedy; to trace its origin and connections to the Senecan, and Kydian model of tragedy, with due regard to the socio-political conventions of the Elizabethan period. The Renaissance drama in English literature was marked with literary innovations, more nuanced characters and complex plots, a lot of which is credited to Shakespearean brilliance. This paper critically delves into examining Hamlet as a tragic hero, deciphering his tragic flaw, and philosophical dilemmas in his pursuit of vengeance, along with highlighting the ambit of drama that transcended the historical context, as a timeless exploration of the human nature. https://ijels.com/detail/shakespeare-s-hamlet-a-synthesis-of-senecan-kydian-and-aristotelian-tragedy/ Varanjit Kaur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-103202427-Shakespeare.pdf One of the most popular and technologically advanced commercial recommendation systems is YouTube, which makes it one of the most popular. In addition to providing an overview of the system, it shows the extraordinary advances in efficiency that have been made possible by advanced learning techniques. The standard "two-stage" architecture is utilized in this research for the purpose of isolating and obtaining related material. First, a comprehensive model for the generation of candidates should be provided, and then a model for ranking applicants should be outlined. Both of these should be done in the order that they are stated. Important consideration should be given to the sequence in which these two activities should be finished. Additionally, it provides instruction that can be put into practice as well as useful insights that have been gathered from the process of designing, iterating, and maintaining a large-scale recommendation system that has a substantial impact on the experience of the user. In addition, it offers training that can be put into practice. https://ijels.com/detail/youtube-s-two-stage-deep-learning-framework-for-video-recommendations/ Sameena Begum, Swati Chauhan, Sana Sarwar, Dr Gulnaz Fatma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-105202476-YouTube.pdf Academic writing has been revolutionized by the advent of AI-driven writing tools such as ChatGPT, which have made it more efficient and accessible. Yet, concerns about academic integrity, plagiarism in particular, and the shortcomings of current detection methods have also surfaced as a result of this change. Examining how factors including frequency of use, knowledge of academic integrity, and application intent affect plagiarism levels, this study delves into the connection between ChatGPT and student writing. This research takes a behavioral and technological approach, which is different from earlier efforts that only address AI ethics or plagiarism detection. It touches on how user habits could effect academic integrity. The theoretical framework employs a quantitative methodology with analysis of variance tests to assess the relationship between the dependent variable, plagiarism in student writing, and three independent factors, namely, the frequency of ChatGPT usage, knowledge of academic integrity, and purpose of application. Students that use ChatGPT more often also had higher rates of plagiarism, according to the data (F = 8.25, p = 0.003). The usage of this technology for content development is associated with significantly higher rates of plagiarism among students (F = 10.68, p = 0.002). Plagiarism rates are substantially lower among students who score higher on measures of academic integrity (F = 12.47, p = 0.001). Additional advancements in AI detection systems, more stringent ethical standards, and enhanced training for academic integrity are also necessary. Investigating the effects on critical thinking skills over the long run and developing strategies to simultaneously accomplish innovation and academic integrity are both areas that could benefit from additional research. https://ijels.com/detail/navigating-chatgpt-opportunities-challenges-and-plagiarism-in-student-writing/ Tayyiba Asim, Nazma Shaheen, Atiya Tasneem, Mahjabeen Mohammed Yousuf https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-10420247-Navigating.pdf Among literary greats, Shakespeare stands head and shoulders above the crowd. No writer has ever had the same lasting impact as Shakespeare. Homer, Dante, Leo Tolstoy, and Charles Dickens are just a few names that come to mind. Even though he wrote for a very limited theater audience in the late 16th and early 17th century, his plays continue to have a global appeal and are produced frequently. The renowned prognosis of Shakespeare's contemporaries, such as Ben Jonson, that his works would outlive their author, is still relevant today. While Shakespeare's genius remains elusive, his gifts as a writer are plain to see in his works, which evoke strong feelings and provoke thought. Thanks to his keen intellect, extraordinary lyrical talent, and keen perception, he was able to delve into universally relatable human emotions and conflicts. Using extraordinary wordplay and imagery, Shakespeare brought human experiences to life, in contrast to other authors who write about abstract ideas. Thanks to his talent for bringing his characters to life onstage, his works are both thought-provoking and approachable; they encourage audience participation and foster empathy. Beyond his literary contributions, Shakespeare had an impact on the evolution of the English language. His contributions to contemporary English are substantial, as he created numerous new terms and altered others. Looking at Shakespeare's sonnets, poems, and plays through the prism of reader-response theory, this study will investigate his unique writing style and the enduring influence he has had on literature. https://ijels.com/detail/shakespeare-s-legacy-in-modern-english-a-critical-examination-of-his-influence-on-language-and-literature/ Saima Naved, Syeda Amtul Raqeeb, Syeda Humera, Habab Osman Hassan Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-104202421-Shakespeare.pdf This study investigates the workplace challenges faced by women agricultural labourers in Dataur village of Rohtak district, Haryana. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the research highlights the harsh realities of women working in agriculture, including frequent injuries (34.5%), lack of drinking water (17.5%), exposure to insect bites (15.5%) and pesticides (14%), and equipment issues (13%). Nearly 19.5% reported facing harassment at work, indicating unsafe and insecure environments. Furthermore, 75% of respondents stated that basic workplace facilities were unavailable, while only 18% were aware of government welfare schemes aimed at labour welfare and empowerment. These findings reveal a significant gap in infrastructure, awareness, and policy implementation. The study concludes that women agricultural workers in Dataur remain vulnerable due to poor workplace conditions and limited access to support systems. It recommends targeted policy measures, improved awareness, and infrastructure development to ensure dignity, safety, and equality for women in agriculture. https://ijels.com/detail/assessing-agricultural-workplace-inequalities-for-women-a-case-study-of-dataur-village-of-rohtak-district/ Amandeep Gahlawat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-104202427-Assessing.pdf Marquez was greatly influenced by the stories that he heard in childhood in his native Arcataca. As an author he always felt the Latin American reality to be beyond the grasp of the dominant historiographers or colonizers. He rejected the objectivity of a singular history. In his novels he tries to reflect a reality that is based on stories, myths and memories. In a sense he tried to reflect the marginalized history through his false memories. https://ijels.com/detail/false-memories-the-reflection-of-a-new-reality-in-gabriel-garcia-marquez-s-works/ Tridip Thakuria https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/68IJELS-109202453-False.pdf The present paper analyses the depiction of childhood trauma in the novel Ice Candy Man, also known as Cracking India 1988, by Bapsi Sidhwa, focusing on how the drastic event of Indian partition led to the psychological effects on Child characters through the lens of Lenore Terr’s theoretical framework, which incorporates acute and chronic trauma that must be examined. By applying her concepts, the paper explores the psychological consequences of exposure to violence and feelings of loss as experienced by Lenny and other young characters. It showcases how these unpleasant, traumatic events depict disturbing behaviour, sick and shattered memories, silence, and emotional numbing. The paper also addresses how the socio-political ups and downs and devastating upheaval because of partition drastically wounded the minds of children and affected their cognitive and emotional development. Furthermore, this analysis provides a more nuanced understanding of how the psychological scars of the Partition continue to shape the identity and subjectivity of the children who suffered and lived through it. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-childhood-trauma-in-ice-candy-man/ Azmat Faruki, Dr. Tamishra Swain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/69IJELS-110202416-Representation.pdf This research paper examines the socio-economic determinants influencing sports participation in India, drawing on a wide range of secondary data sources, national surveys, and recent academic studies. The analysis highlights that sports participation is shaped by intersecting factors, including household income, parental education, gender norms, urban–rural disparities, and the availability of school and community infrastructure. While schools remain the primary environment where children engage in physical activity, gaps in facilities, trained physical education teachers, and consistent sports programming limit the depth of participation. The study also reveals that disadvantaged groups—including girls, rural youth, and children from low-income or marginalised communities—face multiple layers of structural and cultural barriers that restrict their involvement in organised sports. Policy implications emphasise the need for equitable resource allocation, improved school infrastructure, capacity-building for physical education staff, and targeted interventions for underrepresented groups. The paper concludes that enhancing access, strengthening institutional support, and addressing socio-economic inequalities are critical for fostering a more inclusive and participatory sports culture. By promoting equitable opportunities, India can ensure that sports function not only as a medium of physical development but also as a pathway for social empowerment and holistic well-being. https://ijels.com/detail/socio-economic-factors-influencing-sports-participation-in-india-an-analysis/ Dr. Sukhbir Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/70IJELS-110202497-Socio-Economic.pdf This research paper examines Vikas Swarup's second novel, Six Suspects (2008), as a sophisticated work of crime fiction that transcends generic boundaries to offer a penetrating critique of contemporary Indian society. Building on the success of his debut Q & A, Swarup employs a murder mystery framework to explore the deep-seated inequalities, systemic corruption, and social contradictions that define modern India. Through its multi-narrative structure—presenting the lives of six disparate individuals connected to a high-profile murder—the novel exposes how justice is contingent upon social position, how the elite operate with impunity, and how the marginalized are systematically criminalized . This analysis examines the novel's formal innovations, its critique of institutional power, its representation of India's social spectrum, and its interrogation of the very concept of justice in a stratified society. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from postcolonial studies and the sociology of literature, the paper argues that Six Suspects represents a significant intervention in Indian English fiction, using the conventions of crime fiction to stage a comprehensive examination of the nation's post-millennial condition. https://ijels.com/detail/crime-and-the-indian-paradox-a-study-of-social-inequality-and-narrative-justice-in-vikas-swarup-s-six-suspects/ Dr. Shilpa Yashwant Waykar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/71IJELS-110202499-Crime.pdf